{"id":1675,"date":"2025-08-26T02:31:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T02:31:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=1675"},"modified":"2025-09-09T01:32:49","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T01:32:49","slug":"pole-guyed-communication-tower","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/fr\/products\/pole-guyed-communication-tower\/","title":{"rendered":"Poteau triangulaire en acier pour la transmission du signal d'une station de base, tour de communication hauban\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"product-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1675\" class=\"elementor elementor-1675\" data-elementor-post-type=\"product\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11e38e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11e38e9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df9cea e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3df9cea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;start&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"64986346\" aria-label=\"Onglets. Ouvrez les \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 l&#039;aide de la touche Entr\u00e9e ou de la barre d&#039;espace, fermez-les avec la touche \u00c9chap et naviguez \u00e0 l&#039;aide des touches fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863461\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863461\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPr\u00e9sentation du produit\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFonctionnalit\u00e9\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863463\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tStructure\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863464\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863464\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCaract\u00e9ristiques techniques\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863465\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863465\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSch\u00e9ma\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863466\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863466\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFAQ\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863461\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863461\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-63d4ba4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63d4ba4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c97e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76c97e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e9sentation du produit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40fb5fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40fb5fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2160.<\/strong> Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res sont des structures m\u00e9talliques dont les principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments porteurs sont constitu\u00e9s de corni\u00e8res. Ils offrent une grande stabilit\u00e9 structurelle, une forte capacit\u00e9 de charge et une installation ais\u00e9e. Elles sont largement utilis\u00e9es dans les lignes de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, les stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la diffusion radiophonique et t\u00e9l\u00e9visuelle, ainsi que dans les projets de protection contre la foudre. Leur structure de base se compose de poteaux principaux en acier (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des corni\u00e8res \u00e0 ailes \u00e9gales ou in\u00e9gales), de tirants et de traverses transversaux et diagonaux en corni\u00e8res, reli\u00e9s par des boulons ou par soudure pour former une structure spatiale en treillis. La base pr\u00e9sente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une section carr\u00e9e ou triangulaire, et la structure globale s\u2019effile vers le haut selon une forme conique ou en gradins afin d\u2019assurer un \u00e9quilibre entre stabilit\u00e9 et optimisation de l\u2019utilisation des mat\u00e9riaux.Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res peuvent \u00eatre con\u00e7us de mani\u00e8re flexible en termes de hauteur, de dimensions de section et de caract\u00e9ristiques techniques des corni\u00e8res, en fonction des exigences de charge (telles que la charge due au vent, le givrage et le poids des \u00e9quipements) et du contexte d\u2019application. Le mat\u00e9riau principal est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement galvanis\u00e9 \u00e0 chaud, ce qui offre une excellente r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion et une bonne adaptabilit\u00e9 aux environnements ext\u00e9rieurs complexes.<\/p><p><strong>II.<\/strong> Sa structure de base est constitu\u00e9e de poteaux principaux en acier (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des corni\u00e8res \u00e0 ailes \u00e9gales ou in\u00e9gales), de traverses et de contreventements diagonaux en corni\u00e8res, assembl\u00e9s par des boulons ou par soudure pour former une structure spatiale en treillis. La base pr\u00e9sente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une section carr\u00e9e ou triangulaire, et la structure globale s'effile vers le haut selon un profil conique ou en gradins afin d'assurer un \u00e9quilibre entre stabilit\u00e9 et optimisation de l'utilisation des mat\u00e9riaux. La hauteur, les dimensions de la section transversale et les caract\u00e9ristiques techniques des corni\u00e8res de la tour peuvent \u00eatre con\u00e7ues de mani\u00e8re flexible en fonction des exigences de charge (telles que la charge due au vent, le givrage et le poids des \u00e9quipements) et du sc\u00e9nario d\u2019application. Le mat\u00e9riau principal est souvent galvanis\u00e9 \u00e0 chaud, ce qui offre une excellente r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion et une bonne adaptabilit\u00e9 aux environnements ext\u00e9rieurs complexes.<\/p><p><strong>III. Pr\u00e9sentation du produit<\/strong><\/p><p>1. \u00c9l\u00e9ments structurels : Ils se composent principalement du corps du pyl\u00f4ne, des traverses, des haubans et des fondations. Le corps du pyl\u00f4ne constitue la structure principale ; il est constitu\u00e9 de plusieurs sections de corni\u00e8res en acier assembl\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide de boulons ; les traverses servent \u00e0 fixer les lignes de transport d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ; quant aux haubans, ils renforcent la stabilit\u00e9 et la capacit\u00e9 de charge du corps du pyl\u00f4ne.<\/p><p>2. Normes d'application : GB\/T 2694-2010, DL\/T 5442-2012<\/p><p>3. Structure de base<\/p><p>Corps de la tour : structure principale de la tour en corni\u00e8res, constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs sections de corni\u00e8res assembl\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide de boulons. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, cette structure est de forme carr\u00e9e ou triangulaire, ce qui lui conf\u00e8re une grande rigidit\u00e9 globale et une capacit\u00e9 de charge \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p><p>4. Traverses : Elles servent \u00e0 fixer les lignes de transmission, telles que les fils, les c\u00e2bles et les fibres optiques, garantissant ainsi une transmission stable et s\u00fbre.<\/p><p>5. Entretoises diagonales : elles renforcent la stabilit\u00e9 et la capacit\u00e9 portante du corps de la tour, permettant ainsi \u00e0 la tour en corni\u00e8res de mieux r\u00e9sister \u00e0 diverses charges.<\/p><p>6. Fondations : en fonction des conditions g\u00e9ologiques, il est possible d'utiliser des fondations ind\u00e9pendantes, des semelles filantes, des fondations sur chapeaux de pieux et d'autres m\u00e9thodes pour ancrer la tour en corni\u00e8res au sol et lui permettre de supporter son propre poids ainsi que diverses forces externes.<\/p><p>Niveau de protection : L'\u00e9paisseur du rev\u00eatement galvanis\u00e9 doit \u00eatre conforme aux exigences de la norme DL\/T 764.4-2001.<\/p><p><strong>IV Niveau de r\u00e9sistance au vent<\/strong><\/p><p>1. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la norme GB 50009-2012 relative aux charges sur les structures de b\u00e2timents et \u00e0 la norme GB 50135-2019 relative \u00e0 la conception des structures de grande hauteur, la conception doit \u00eatre bas\u00e9e sur la pression de base du vent sur le site d\u2019installation (par exemple, 0,3 \u00e0 0,8 kPa ; dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, elle peut d\u00e9passer 1,0 kPa). Cela garantit que la tour ne se renversera pas et ne subira pas de dommages structurels en cas de vents violents (par exemple, des typhons de force 10 ou plus).<\/p><p>2. R\u00e9sistance aux s\u00e9ismes<\/p><p>Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la norme \u201c GB 50011-2010 \u2013 Code de conception parasismique des b\u00e2timents \u201d, qui repose sur le zonage d\u2019intensit\u00e9 sismique (par exemple, 6 \u00e0 9 degr\u00e9s), une optimisation de la rigidit\u00e9 structurelle et une conception du renforcement des joints sont mises en \u0153uvre afin de garantir l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la structure de la tour sous l\u2019effet des charges sismiques.<\/p><p>3. Protection contre les charges de neige et de glace<\/p><p>Dans les r\u00e9gions froides, il faut tenir compte des charges de neige (par exemple, 0,2 \u00e0 0,7 kPa) et des charges de glace. L'espacement des traverses et l'inclinaison des pyl\u00f4nes sont optimis\u00e9s afin d'\u00e9viter toute surcharge due \u00e0 l'accumulation de neige et de glace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2154e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e2154e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f27574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f27574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques du produit   <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f30b232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f30b232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>I. Fonctionnalit\u00e9s principales<\/strong><\/p><p>1. Forme structurelle flexible<\/p><p>Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res sont principalement constitu\u00e9s de corni\u00e8res. Leur section transversale peut \u00eatre triangulaire ou quadrilat\u00e9rale, en fonction des exigences en mati\u00e8re de hauteur et de charge (telles que la r\u00e9sistance au vent, la r\u00e9sistance au gel et la capacit\u00e9 de charge). Le pyl\u00f4ne peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre segment\u00e9 afin de permettre son installation sur des terrains complexes (tels que des montagnes et des collines).<\/p><p>2. Performances stables en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la charge<\/p><p>Le corni\u00e8re, en tant qu'\u00e9l\u00e9ment de structure m\u00e9tallique, pr\u00e9sente une grande r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la compression, \u00e0 la traction et au cisaillement. La tour est assembl\u00e9e \u00e0 l'aide de n\u0153uds pour former une structure spatiale en treillis, qui r\u00e9partit uniform\u00e9ment les charges (telles que le poids propre, le vent, la glace et la neige) vers les fondations, garantissant ainsi une grande stabilit\u00e9 globale.<\/p><p>3. Taux d'utilisation \u00e9lev\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux<\/p><p>La forme de la section transversale de l'angle en acier est adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance aux forces axiales et aux moments de flexion. Lors de la conception, il est possible de choisir diff\u00e9rentes sp\u00e9cifications d'angle en acier en fonction des exigences de charge propres \u00e0 chaque emplacement, ce qui permet de r\u00e9duire le gaspillage de mat\u00e9riaux et d'obtenir des structures plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res que, par exemple, les pyl\u00f4nes en b\u00e9ton.<\/p><p>4. Grande facilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9montage<\/p><p>La plupart des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res sont assembl\u00e9s par boulonnage plut\u00f4t que par soudure, ce qui facilite leur transport, leur installation et leur entretien. En cas de d\u00e9placement ou de r\u00e9novation, ils peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9mont\u00e9s puis remont\u00e9s, ce qui permet de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts de travaux annexes.<\/p><p>5. Caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles : conception en treillis stable et efficace<\/p><p>Les avantages m\u00e9caniques des modules triangulaires, la souplesse de l'assemblage modulaire et la r\u00e9partition \u00e9conomique des charges.<\/p><p>6. Caract\u00e9ristiques du mat\u00e9riau : excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques et grande capacit\u00e9 de charge.<\/p><p>7. Caract\u00e9ristiques d'application : sa r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e, sa bonne plasticit\u00e9 et sa t\u00e9nacit\u00e9, ainsi que ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques homog\u00e8nes, facilitent son utilisation dans divers terrains et environnements.<\/p><p>8. Caract\u00e9ristiques techniques : facilit\u00e9 de construction et d'entretien, l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9, facilit\u00e9 de transport et d'installation.<\/p><p><strong>II. Principaux avantages<\/strong><\/p><p>1. Capacit\u00e9 d'adaptation \u00e0 des environnements complexes<\/p><p>Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res sont principalement fabriqu\u00e9s en acier au carbone ou en acier galvanis\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s avoir subi un traitement anticorrosion (tel que la galvanisation et la peinture), elles offrent une excellente r\u00e9sistance aux intemp\u00e9ries et peuvent supporter une utilisation \u00e0 long terme dans des environnements difficiles, tels que les zones \u00e0 forte temp\u00e9rature, \u00e0 forte humidit\u00e9, les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res (brouillard salin) et les d\u00e9serts, avec une dur\u00e9e de vie sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 30 ans.<\/p><p>2. Une construction pratique et efficace<\/p><p>Les composants sont pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9s en usine avec une grande pr\u00e9cision. Leur installation sur site ne n\u00e9cessite pas de gros engins de levage (pour les tours de petite et moyenne taille). Le processus de montage est simple et la dur\u00e9e de construction est courte, ce qui les rend adapt\u00e9s aux projets situ\u00e9s dans des zones isol\u00e9es ou disposant d'un espace limit\u00e9.<\/p><p>3. Ma\u00eetrise des co\u00fbts<\/p><p>Par rapport aux pyl\u00f4nes en tubes d'acier et aux pyl\u00f4nes en b\u00e9ton, les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s aux profil\u00e9s en angle sont moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s, et les frais de transport et d'installation sont r\u00e9duits. Cela en fait une solution particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9conomique pour les pyl\u00f4nes de hauteur moyenne \u00e0 faible (moins de 50 m\u00e8tres).<\/p><p>4. Peu d'entretien<\/p><p>La structure ouverte, avec ses composants apparents, facilite le contr\u00f4le visant \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter d'\u00e9ventuels probl\u00e8mes tels que la corrosion ou des boulons desserr\u00e9s. L'entretien n\u00e9cessite le remplacement cibl\u00e9 des composants endommag\u00e9s, ce qui \u00e9vite un d\u00e9montage complet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863463\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-764f307 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"764f307\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9872304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9872304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Structure du produit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b2cc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1b2cc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Explication d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de la structure d\u2019un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res Un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res est une structure m\u00e9tallique en treillis constitu\u00e9e de corni\u00e8res \u00e0 ailes \u00e9gales et de corni\u00e8res \u00e0 ailes in\u00e9gales servant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments porteurs centraux, reli\u00e9s entre eux par des boulons. Il est largement utilis\u00e9 dans les lignes de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 haute et tr\u00e8s haute tension, les stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et la surveillance m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique. Sa conception structurelle doit trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre la stabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9canique, l'adaptabilit\u00e9 aux charges et la compatibilit\u00e9 avec le terrain. Le pyl\u00f4ne peut \u00eatre d\u00e9mont\u00e9 en trois modules : le syst\u00e8me porteur central, le syst\u00e8me des fonctions auxiliaires et le syst\u00e8me de raccordement et de fixation. La forme structurelle, la fonction et la logique de conception des sous-composants au sein de chaque module sont les suivantes :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5474a64 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5474a64\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a71fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24a71fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>I. Syst\u00e8me porteur central : l'ossature principale assurant le transfert des charges<\/strong><\/p><p>Le syst\u00e8me porteur central est au c\u0153ur de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res \u00e0 r\u00e9sister aux charges externes (telles que la tension des conducteurs, les charges dues au vent, au givre et aux s\u00e9ismes). Il d\u00e9termine la stabilit\u00e9 globale du pyl\u00f4ne et se compose principalement de la t\u00eate, du corps et des pieds du pyl\u00f4ne. Ces trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont reli\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re rigide par des boulons, formant ainsi une voie de transfert des charges de haut en bas (charges des conducteurs\/du fil de terre \u2192 t\u00eate du pyl\u00f4ne \u2192 corps du pyl\u00f4ne \u2192 pieds du pyl\u00f4ne \u2192 fondation \u2192 sol).<\/p><p><strong>1. T\u00eate de tour : zone fonctionnelle sup\u00e9rieure porteuse<\/strong><\/p><p>La t\u00eate de pyl\u00f4ne est la zone cl\u00e9 situ\u00e9e au sommet d\u2019un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019installation des conducteurs, des fils de terre et des dispositifs d\u2019isolation. Sa forme structurelle doit r\u00e9pondre aux exigences de conception de la ligne en mati\u00e8re de \u201c nombre de divisions de conducteurs, d\u2019espacement entre les phases et de d\u00e9gagement d\u2019isolation \u201d. Les types courants comprennent la t\u00eate en verre \u00e0 vin, la t\u00eate de chat, la tige et la corne de b\u00e9lier. Bien que les diff\u00e9rents types de t\u00eates de pyl\u00f4ne diff\u00e8rent par la disposition de leurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments, leurs composants essentiels restent les m\u00eames :<\/p><p>\u2460 Sous-composants de la t\u00eate de tour : support de fil de terre<\/p><p>\u2461 Traverse de conducteur<\/p><p>\u2462 Bras coud\u00e9<\/p><p>\u2463 Mat\u00e9riau principal de la t\u00eate de tour<\/p><p><strong>2. Corps de la tour : \u00e9l\u00e9ment principal assurant la transmission des charges verticales<\/strong><\/p><p>Le corps de la tour est la section interm\u00e9diaire reliant la t\u00eate et les pieds de la tour ; il repr\u00e9sente 60%-80% de la hauteur totale de la tour et fait office de \u201c tronc \u201d de la tour en profil\u00e9s angulaires. Sa conception structurelle doit trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 et haute r\u00e9sistance. Elle utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des treillis carr\u00e9s ou rectangulaires, dont les dimensions en section transversale diminuent par paliers de bas en haut (chaque section mesure entre 3 et 6 m\u00e8tres de haut, avec un rapport de r\u00e9duction de la section transversale \u2264 15%). La structure sp\u00e9cifique est la suivante :<\/p><p>\u2460 \u00c9l\u00e9ment de la tour principale<\/p><p>\u2461 Membres en ligne<\/p><p>\u2462 Diaphragmes<\/p><p><strong>3. Piliers de la tour : la section de transition porteuse reli\u00e9e aux fondations<\/strong><\/p><p>Les pieds de la tour constituent le lien essentiel entre la tour en corni\u00e8res d'acier et les fondations. Ils doivent r\u00e9percuter toutes les charges (verticales, horizontales et moments de flexion) de la tour vers les fondations. Tout en s'adaptant \u00e0 des reliefs complexes tels que les montagnes, les collines et les vall\u00e9es fluviales, la conception structurelle se caract\u00e9rise par sa capacit\u00e9 d'adaptation au terrain :<\/p><p>\u2460 \u00c9l\u00e9ment de jambe de la tour principale<\/p><p>\u2461 Renfort diagonal<\/p><p>\u2462 Section de raccordement aux fondations<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-316f71b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"316f71b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415ab2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"415ab2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>II. Syst\u00e8mes auxiliaires : structures garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l'exploitation et la maintenance<\/strong><\/p><p>Bien que les syst\u00e8mes auxiliaires ne supportent pas directement la charge principale, ils jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'exploitation, de la construction et de l'entretien de la tour. Ils comprennent principalement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p><p><strong>1. Syst\u00e8me d'escalade<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c9chelle : Situ\u00e9e le long de la face int\u00e9rieure des \u00e9l\u00e9ments principaux de la tour, elle se compose d\u2019une poutre d\u2019\u00e9chelle (corni\u00e8res en acier \u222050\u00d75) et de marches (barres rondes en acier \u03c616, espac\u00e9es de 300 mm). La poutre d'\u00e9chelle est boulonn\u00e9e aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments principaux de la tour. Une plate-forme de repos (un cadre rectangulaire compos\u00e9 de corni\u00e8res en acier de \u222063\u00d75 recouvertes de t\u00f4les d'acier gaufr\u00e9es) est dispos\u00e9e tous les 10 m\u00e8tres. Un garde-corps de 1,2 m de haut (barres rondes en acier de \u03c620) entoure la plate-forme.<\/p><p>Dispositif antichute : un rail antichute (barres rondes en acier de \u03c632) est install\u00e9 parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l'un des c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l'\u00e9chelle et fix\u00e9 au diaphragme transversal de la tour. Les ouvriers du b\u00e2timent portent des dispositifs antichute qui coulissent le long des rails afin d'\u00e9viter les chutes. Les jonctions du rail doivent \u00eatre lisses pour \u00e9viter tout grippage.<\/p><p><strong>2. Protection contre la foudre<\/strong> <strong>Syst\u00e8me de mise \u00e0 la terre<\/strong><\/p><p>Conducteur de descente : utiliser un corni\u00e8re de \u222050 \u00d7 5 mm ou un tube rond de \u03c616 mm. Installez-le verticalement le long de la structure principale de la tour, en reliant son extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure au support de mise \u00e0 la terre et son extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure au r\u00e9seau de mise \u00e0 la terre des fondations. Fixez le conducteur de descente \u00e0 la tour \u00e0 l'aide de colliers tous les 2 m\u00e8tres afin d'\u00e9viter toute usure due aux vibrations caus\u00e9es par le vent.<\/p><p>N\u0153ud de mise \u00e0 la terre de la tour : souder une \u201c plaque de mise \u00e0 la terre \u201d (t\u00f4le d\u2019acier de 100 \u00d7 80 \u00d7 10 mm, Q235B) \u00e0 la structure principale de la tour. Quatre trous de boulonnage sont pr\u00e9vus sur la plaque de raccordement pour la connexion \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectrode de mise \u00e0 la terre horizontale (acier rond de \u03c612 mm ou acier plat de 40 \u00d7 4 mm) du r\u00e9seau de mise \u00e0 la terre. La plaque de raccordement doit \u00eatre galvanis\u00e9e \u00e0 chaud pour \u00e9viter la corrosion.<\/p><p><strong>3. Structure r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 la corrosion<\/strong><\/p><p>Protection contre la corrosion des mat\u00e9riaux : tous les corni\u00e8res, goussets et boulons sont galvanis\u00e9s \u00e0 chaud (\u00e9paisseur du rev\u00eatement de zinc \u2265 85 \u03bcm), ce qui garantit une dur\u00e9e de vie en ext\u00e9rieur sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 30 ans. Dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res ou expos\u00e9es au brouillard salin, un rev\u00eatement suppl\u00e9mentaire de peinture au fluorocarbone (d'une \u00e9paisseur de 60 \u00e0 80 \u03bcm) est n\u00e9cessaire pour renforcer la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion due au brouillard salin.<\/p><p>Structure de drainage : des trous de drainage (\u03c610 mm) doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9vus dans les goussets de la tour afin d'emp\u00eacher l'eau de pluie de s'accumuler au niveau des goussets et de provoquer la corrosion des boulons. La corni\u00e8re de la membrure inf\u00e9rieure de la traverse sup\u00e9rieure de la tour doit \u00eatre inclin\u00e9e (1:100) afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher l\u2019eau de s\u2019infiltrer dans les cha\u00eenes d\u2019isolateurs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc33e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fc33e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4652b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4652b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>III. Syst\u00e8me d'assemblage et de fixation : un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel pour garantir l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 structurelle<\/strong><\/p><p>Tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la tour en corni\u00e8res sont assembl\u00e9s \u00e0 l'aide de raccords boulonn\u00e9s. La fiabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me d'assemblage d\u00e9termine directement la stabilit\u00e9 globale de la tour. Il comprend principalement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments essentiels suivants :<\/p><p><strong>1. Boulons de fixation<\/strong><br \/>Type et caract\u00e9ristiques techniques : Utiliser des \u201c boulons \u00e0 t\u00eate hexagonale grossi\u00e8re \u201d (GB\/T 1228), en acier Q235B ou Q355B, de classe de r\u00e9sistance 8.8 (boulons \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance). Les sp\u00e9cifications des boulons sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par les charges exerc\u00e9es sur les \u00e9l\u00e9ments : des boulons M24-M30 sont utilis\u00e9s pour les \u00e9l\u00e9ments principaux de la tour, et des boulons M16-M20 pour les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'\u00e2me. Chaque assemblage doit comporter au moins quatre boulons (au moins six pour les assemblages en traction).<\/p><p>Conditions d'installation : les boulons doivent \u00eatre fix\u00e9s \u00e0 l'aide d'un double \u00e9crou (apr\u00e8s avoir serr\u00e9 l'\u00e9crou sup\u00e9rieur, d\u00e9visser l'\u00e9crou inf\u00e9rieur d'un quart de tour avant de le serrer). Les boulons doivent pr\u00e9senter au moins deux filets apparents. Le diam\u00e8tre du trou de boulon doit \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieur de 1 \u00e0 2 mm au diam\u00e8tre du boulon (par exemple, un boulon M24 avec un trou de \u03c625,5 mm) afin d'\u00e9viter toute contrainte lors de l'installation.<\/p><p><strong>2. Plaque de renfort<\/strong><br \/>Forme structurelle : utiliser des t\u00f4les d'acier rectangulaires ou trap\u00e9zo\u00efdales (mat\u00e9riau Q355B, \u00e9paisseur de 10 \u00e0 25 mm). Des trous de boulonnage doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9vus en fonction du nombre et de l'angle des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de liaison. Les bords des goussets doivent \u00eatre arrondis (rayon \u2265 10 mm) afin d'\u00e9viter toute concentration de contraintes. Les goussets situ\u00e9s aux intersections de plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments (tels que le corps et la t\u00eate de la tour) doivent \u00eatre de type renforc\u00e9 (3 \u00e0 5 mm plus \u00e9pais que les goussets standard).<br \/>Logique des forces : les goussets jouent le r\u00f4le d\u201c\u201d interm\u00e9diaire \u201c dans le transfert des charges et doivent r\u00e9sister simultan\u00e9ment aux forces de traction, de compression et de cisaillement exerc\u00e9es par plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments. Par cons\u00e9quent, leurs dimensions doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par une \u201d v\u00e9rification de la r\u00e9sistance des n\u0153uds \u00bb, garantissant que l\u2019espacement des trous de boulons et la distance par rapport au bord de la plaque r\u00e9pondent aux exigences visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les d\u00e9faillances par cisaillement et par extrusion (par exemple, la distance entre le centre du trou de boulon et le bord de la plaque doit \u00eatre \u2265 1,5 fois le diam\u00e8tre du boulon).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863464\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863464\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-265fa39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"265fa39\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d198a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73d198a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caract\u00e9ristiques techniques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863465\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863465\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e5531 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53e5531\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd32b31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd32b31\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863466\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863466\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a681f0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a681f0e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11bf213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11bf213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d080af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d080af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accord\u00e9on. Ouvrez les liens \u00e0 l&#039;aide de la touche Entr\u00e9e ou de la barre d&#039;espace, fermez-les \u00e0 l&#039;aide de la touche \u00c9chap et naviguez \u00e0 l&#039;aide des touches fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. Qu'est-ce qu'un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res d'acier ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05eeb49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05eeb49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d60b237 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d60b237\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><b>\u2160. <\/b><\/strong>Une tour en corni\u00e8res est une structure spatiale en treillis constitu\u00e9e de corni\u00e8res de m\u00eame ou de diff\u00e9rentes sections servant d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments porteurs principaux, assembl\u00e9es par des boulons ou des soudures. Elle pr\u00e9sente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une section transversale carr\u00e9e, triangulaire ou polygonale et sert principalement \u00e0 supporter des charges telles que des conducteurs, des antennes de communication et des plates-formes d'\u00e9quipement.<\/p><p>Voici les principales diff\u00e9rences entre les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res et les autres types de pyl\u00f4nes courants :<\/p><p><strong>1. Tour en corni\u00e8res d'acier<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460. Composants essentiels des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res, forme structurelle, cas d'utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients :<\/p><p>Corni\u00e8re (section en L). Poutre en treillis spatiale (charge r\u00e9partie sur plusieurs branches). Lignes de transport d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (110 kV \u00e0 500 kV), stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications (charges moyennes \u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9es). Fabrication simple, faible co\u00fbt et entretien ais\u00e9. Cependant, cette structure pr\u00e9sente une r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e au vent et est relativement encombrante.<\/p><p>\u2461. Composants essentiels des pyl\u00f4nes tubulaires en acier, forme structurelle, cas d'utilisation, avantages et inconv\u00e9nients :<\/p><p>Tubes en acier sans soudure \/ Tubes en acier soud\u00e9s (section circulaire). Poutrelles spatiales \/ Ch\u00e2ssis rigides (charge concentr\u00e9e). Lignes de transport \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute tension (750 kV et plus) et pyl\u00f4nes \u00e0 grande port\u00e9e. Ils offrent de faibles charges dues au vent, une meilleure r\u00e9sistance aux forces et de grandes port\u00e9es. Cependant, ils sont difficiles \u00e0 fabriquer et co\u00fbteux.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. Quelles sont les principales applications des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res d'acier ? Quelles sont les exigences sp\u00e9cifiques applicables \u00e0 ces pyl\u00f4nes dans diff\u00e9rents domaines ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b6bfdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b6bfdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e23d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e23d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2161. Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res d'acier sont utilis\u00e9s dans divers secteurs, notamment ceux de l'\u00e9nergie, des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, des transports et de la radiodiffusion. Les exigences fondamentales varient consid\u00e9rablement d'un secteur \u00e0 l'autre :<\/p><p><strong>1. Transmission de puissance :<\/strong><\/p><p>Principalement utilis\u00e9s pour les lignes de transport d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 110 kV \u00e0 500 kV, ils doivent supporter le poids des conducteurs, le givrage, les charges dues au vent (en particulier les vents violents dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res et montagneuses) et la tension de la ligne. Ils doivent pr\u00e9senter une forte r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la fatigue et aux intemp\u00e9ries (par exemple, r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la rupture fragile \u00e0 basse temp\u00e9rature dans les r\u00e9gions froides et r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion par brouillard salin dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res).<\/p><p><strong>2. Stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications :<\/strong><\/p><p>Elles supportent des \u00e9quipements tels que des antennes et des RRU (unit\u00e9s radio distantes). Elles doivent assurer un \u00e9quilibrage de charge multidirectionnel (les antennes \u00e9tant r\u00e9parties \u00e0 plusieurs endroits), et les pyl\u00f4nes doivent \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9chelles et de plates-formes pour faciliter l\u2019installation et la maintenance des \u00e9quipements. Certaines stations de base urbaines doivent \u00e9galement pr\u00e9senter un aspect \u201c harmonieux avec le paysage \u201d (par exemple, en \u00e9tant dissimul\u00e9es sous forme de lampadaires ou d\u2019arbres).<\/p><p><strong>3. Transports :<\/strong><\/p><p>Les pyl\u00f4nes de surveillance et les pyl\u00f4nes de signalisation utilis\u00e9s sur les autoroutes et les voies ferr\u00e9es doivent s'adapter aux conditions complexes du terrain en bordure de route (telles que les pentes et les sols meubles). Ils doivent \u00eatre dot\u00e9s de fondations solides offrant une bonne r\u00e9sistance au renversement, et leur emplacement doit ne pas obstruer le champ de vision des conducteurs.<\/p><p><strong>4. Radio et t\u00e9l\u00e9vision :<\/strong><\/p><p>Les pyl\u00f4nes de transmission radio et t\u00e9l\u00e9vision doivent supporter des \u00e9quipements lourds tels que des antennes \u00e9mettrices et des r\u00e9cepteurs de signaux, et exigent une pr\u00e9cision verticale extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9e (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u2264 1 \u2030) afin d'\u00e9viter que la transmission du signal ne soit affect\u00e9e par un d\u00e9salignement structurel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. Que signifient les termes \" hauteur au-dessus du sol \" et \" espacement entre les bases \" pour les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res d'acier ? En quoi ces param\u00e8tres influencent-ils leur utilisation ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb6a4dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb6a4dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f1cf45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f1cf45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2162. Ces deux param\u00e8tres g\u00e9om\u00e9triques sont essentiels pour les pyl\u00f4nes en acier angulaires ; ils d\u00e9terminent directement leur stabilit\u00e9 structurelle et les situations dans lesquelles ils peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s :<\/p><p>1. Hauteur au-dessus du sol : il s'agit de la distance verticale entre le sommet de la base du pyl\u00f4ne et le premier point porteur majeur du pyl\u00f4ne (par exemple, le point de fixation des conducteurs sur un pyl\u00f4ne de transport d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou le niveau de montage de l'antenne sur un pyl\u00f4ne de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications).<\/p><p>2. Impact : la hauteur au-dessus du sol doit \u00eatre d\u00e9termin\u00e9e en fonction des besoins r\u00e9els. Par exemple, les lignes de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 doivent contourner les arbres et les b\u00e2timents (afin de respecter une \u201c distance de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u201d), tandis que les stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications doivent \u00eatre sur\u00e9lev\u00e9es en fonction de la zone de couverture (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 20 et 30 m en ville et entre 30 et 50 m en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie). Plus la hauteur est grande, plus le moment de flexion exerc\u00e9 sur la tour est important, ce qui n\u00e9cessite des corni\u00e8res plus \u00e9paisses ou des sections transversales plus grandes pour garantir la r\u00e9sistance.<\/p><p>3. Espacement des fondations : il s'agit de la distance horizontale entre les centres de deux fondations adjacentes \u00e0 la base de la tour (par exemple, \u201c l'espacement diagonal des fondations \u201d et \u201c l'espacement lat\u00e9ral des fondations \u201d d'une tour carr\u00e9e).<\/p><p>4. Impact : plus l\u2019ouverture de la base est grande, plus la tour r\u00e9siste au renversement (\u00e0 l\u2019instar d\u2019un \u201c tr\u00e9pied qui tient mieux \u201d), mais cela augmente l\u2019empreinte au sol des fondations et les co\u00fbts de construction ; en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l\u2019ouverture de base est con\u00e7ue pour \u00eatre plus grande dans les zones montagneuses et les r\u00e9gions expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des vents violents, tandis qu\u2019elle doit \u00eatre r\u00e9duite (avec des fondations plus profondes) dans les zones urbaines exigu\u00ebs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. Quelles charges faut-il prendre en compte lors de la conception de pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res ? Comment ces diff\u00e9rentes charges influencent-elles la conception structurelle ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8566f20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8566f20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6f876c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6f876c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1. La conception des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res doit \u00eatre conforme \u00e0 la \u201c Norme relative \u00e0 la conception des structures de grande hauteur \u201d (GB 51028-2015) et aux autres r\u00e9glementations en vigueur. Les principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 prendre en compte sont les charges permanentes, les charges variables et les charges accidentelles. Les implications sp\u00e9cifiques sont les suivantes :<\/p><p>\u2460 Charges permanentes (charges mortes) : Charges fixes \u00e0 long terme, comprenant le poids propre du pyl\u00f4ne (profil\u00e9s en angle, boulons et poids de la plate-forme), les charges li\u00e9es aux \u00e9quipements (conducteurs, antennes et isolateurs), ainsi que les charges de glace et de neige (poids de la glace adh\u00e9rant au pyl\u00f4ne et aux conducteurs, calcul\u00e9 en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9paisseur maximale locale de la glace).<\/p><p>\u2461 Cons\u00e9quences : les charges permanentes constituent la \u201c charge de base \u201d de la conception structurelle et d\u00e9terminent directement les dimensions minimales de la section transversale des corni\u00e8res. Dans les r\u00e9gions soumises \u00e0 une forte formation de glace (telles que les zones montagneuses du nord-est et du sud-ouest de la Chine), il convient d\u2019utiliser des corni\u00e8res plus \u00e9paisses (par exemple, passer de L63\u00d76 \u00e0 L75\u00d78) afin d\u2019\u00e9viter toute d\u00e9formation de la tour due \u00e0 des charges lourdes \u00e0 long terme.<\/p><p>\u2462 Charges variables (charges mobiles) : charges agissant de mani\u00e8re ponctuelle ou p\u00e9riodique, notamment les charges dues au vent (les plus critiques, calcul\u00e9es sur la base de la vitesse maximale locale du vent sur une p\u00e9riode de 50 ans), les charges thermiques (les \u00e9carts de temp\u00e9rature entre le jour et la nuit ou entre les saisons provoquent une dilatation et une contraction thermiques de la tour, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des contraintes suppl\u00e9mentaires), et les charges d'entretien (poids des ouvriers et des outils, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement calcul\u00e9 comme suit : 2 \u00e0 3 personnes \u00d7 80 kg\/personne).<\/p><p>\u2463 Impact : Les charges dues au vent constituent les \u201c charges de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u201d dans la conception des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res ; plus la vitesse du vent est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus la pouss\u00e9e (dans le sens du vent) et le couple (perpendiculairement au vent) exerc\u00e9s sur le pyl\u00f4ne sont importants. Ces charges doivent \u00eatre att\u00e9nu\u00e9es en optimisant la section transversale de la tour (par exemple, en r\u00e9duisant la surface expos\u00e9e au vent) et en augmentant la densit\u00e9 des contreventements. Les charges thermiques n\u00e9cessitent de laisser de petits jeux au niveau des joints de la tour afin d\u2019\u00e9viter que les diff\u00e9rences de temp\u00e9rature ne provoquent le desserrage des boulons ou la fissuration des profil\u00e9s en angle.<\/p><p>\u2464 Charges accidentelles : charges soudaines et peu probables, notamment les charges sismiques (calcul\u00e9es en fonction de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 sismique locale ; par exemple, dans les zones o\u00f9 l\u2019intensit\u00e9 est de 8, la fondation et la jonction avec la base du pyl\u00f4ne doivent \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es), les charges dues \u00e0 la rupture de ligne (impact de la rupture d\u2019un conducteur d\u2019un pyl\u00f4ne de transport ; un \u201c dispositif de pr\u00e9vention de la rupture de ligne \u201d doit \u00eatre install\u00e9 au point de fixation du conducteur), ainsi que les charges dues \u00e0 la foudre (un syst\u00e8me de mise \u00e0 la terre doit \u00eatre con\u00e7u pour pr\u00e9venir les dommages caus\u00e9s au pyl\u00f4ne par la foudre).<\/p><p>\u2465 Principe de s\u00e9lection : privil\u00e9gier l'ad\u00e9quation entre les \u201c exigences de charge et les conditions environnementales \u201d ; par exemple, le Q355ND (r\u00e9sistance au brouillard salin) est privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, le Q355B\/Q420C (r\u00e9sistance aux basses temp\u00e9ratures) est privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions froides, et le Q235B (ma\u00eetrise des co\u00fbts) est privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 pour les pyl\u00f4nes \u00e0 faible charge dans les zones suburbaines ordinaires.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. Quelles sont les \u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s du processus de fabrication d'une tour en corni\u00e8res d'acier ? Comment la qualit\u00e9 est-elle garantie ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6302b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b6302b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4da9555 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4da9555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2164. <strong>La fabrication d'une tour en corni\u00e8res comprend cinq \u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s : contr\u00f4le des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res \u2192 usinage des corni\u00e8res \u2192 assemblage des composants \u2192 traitement anticorrosion \u2192 contr\u00f4le du produit fini. Le contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape a une incidence directe sur la dur\u00e9e de vie de la tour :<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1. Contr\u00f4le des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res :<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Exigences : les corni\u00e8res doivent \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019un certificat de mat\u00e9riau d\u00e9livr\u00e9 par l\u2019aci\u00e9rie et faire l\u2019objet d\u2019essais lot par lot pour d\u00e9terminer la limite d\u2019\u00e9lasticit\u00e9, l\u2019allongement et la composition chimique (par exemple, pour le Q355B, il faut s\u2019assurer que C \u2264 0,24% et Mn \u2264 1,60%). Les boulons doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019essais de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction et de duret\u00e9 (par exemple, les boulons de classe 8.8 doivent pr\u00e9senter une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction \u2265 800 MPa).<\/p><p>\u2461 Objectif : \u00c9viter l'utilisation de mat\u00e9riaux non conformes aux normes ou de qualit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure afin d'emp\u00eacher que la r\u00e9sistance structurelle ne soit pas conforme aux normes.<\/p><p>\u2462 Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s cl\u00e9s : poin\u00e7onnage des corni\u00e8res (la pr\u00e9cision de positionnement des trous de boulons doit \u00eatre \u2264 \u00b11 mm afin d'\u00e9viter tout d\u00e9salignement lors du montage), cintrage (un cintrage \u00e0 froid est requis aux points de changement de section de la tour ; le cintrage \u00e0 chaud est interdit, car il r\u00e9duit la r\u00e9sistance) et d\u00e9coupe (coupes lisses, sans bavures ni fissures).<\/p><p>\u2463 Mesures de contr\u00f4le : Utiliser des poin\u00e7onneuses et des plieuses \u00e0 commande num\u00e9rique afin de r\u00e9duire les erreurs humaines.<\/p><p>\u2464 Exigences cl\u00e9s : Assemblages de corni\u00e8res (les assemblages boulonn\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre fix\u00e9s \u00e0 l'aide de doubles \u00e9crous, et les assemblages soud\u00e9s doivent garantir que la hauteur de soudure est \u2265 \u00e0 l'\u00e9paisseur de la corni\u00e8re et exempte d'inclusions de scories et de pores d'air) ; une fois les segments de la tour assembl\u00e9s, l'\u00e9cart de verticalit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre \u2264 \u00e0 L\/1 000 (L \u00e9tant la longueur du segment).<\/p><p>\u2465 Contr\u00f4le : utiliser une station totale pour v\u00e9rifier la verticalit\u00e9 des segments, et recourir \u00e0 des essais par ultrasons pour contr\u00f4ler la qualit\u00e9 des soudures.<\/p><p>\u2466 Proc\u00e9d\u00e9 courant : galvanisation \u00e0 chaud (la plus couramment utilis\u00e9e, \u00e9paisseur de la couche de zinc \u2265 85 \u03bcm, dur\u00e9e de vie au test au brouillard salin \u2265 20 ans) ; certaines applications sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es (telles que les usines chimiques) recourent \u00e0 une double protection anticorrosion combinant \u201c galvanisation \u00e0 chaud + peinture fluorocarbon\u00e9e \u201d (dur\u00e9e de vie \u2265 30 ans).<\/p><p>\u2467 Contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 : apr\u00e8s la galvanisation, un \u201c essai au brouillard salin \u201d (simulant un environnement marin afin de tester la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion de la couche de zinc) est obligatoire. La couche de zinc doit \u00eatre uniforme, sans lacunes ni affaissements.<\/p><p>\u2468Contenu : V\u00e9rifier les dimensions globales du corps de la tour (hauteur et \u00e9cart de l\u2019ouverture de la base \u2264 \u00b15 mm), le poids des composants (\u00e9cart par rapport \u00e0 la valeur de conception \u2264 \u00b131 TP6T) et l\u2019adh\u00e9rence de la couche anticorrosion (test\u00e9e par la m\u00e9thode de coupe transversale : la couche de zinc ne doit pas se d\u00e9tacher).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. Quel est le processus d'installation des pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res d'acier ? Quels sont les \u00e9quipements essentiels et les mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 requis ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d41fa9f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d41fa9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fd938a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fd938a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2165. Le montage d'un pyl\u00f4ne en corni\u00e8res doit respecter le principe suivant : \u201c d'abord les fondations, puis le corps du pyl\u00f4ne ; d'abord la partie inf\u00e9rieure, puis la partie sup\u00e9rieure \u201d. Le processus type et les exigences cl\u00e9s sont les suivants :<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1. Proc\u00e9dure d'installation<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 R\u00e9ception des fondations : V\u00e9rifier la r\u00e9sistance du b\u00e9ton de la base de la tour (qui doit atteindre 100% de la r\u00e9sistance de calcul), la cote sup\u00e9rieure des fondations (\u00e9cart \u2264 \u00b13 mm) et la position des boulons de fondation (\u00e9cart \u2264 \u00b12 mm). Tout \u00e9l\u00e9ment non conforme doit \u00eatre corrig\u00e9 avant que les travaux puissent reprendre.<\/p><p>\u2461 Assemblage de la tour (pr\u00e9-assemblage au sol) : diviser le corps de la tour en 3 \u00e0 5 segments et les assembler au sol (afin de r\u00e9duire au minimum les travaux en hauteur). V\u00e9rifiez que les boulons de raccordement des segments sont bien serr\u00e9s (les couples de serrage doivent respecter les exigences de conception, par exemple, couple de serrage des boulons M20 \u2265 250 N\u00b7m).<\/p><p>\u2462 Levage de la tour : utilisez une grue sur camion ou une grue sur chenilles (dont la capacit\u00e9 est choisie en fonction de la hauteur de la tour, par exemple une grue de 50 t pour une tour de 30 m et une grue de 100 t pour une tour de 50 m) pour hisser les segments de la tour un par un. Utilisez une station totale pour v\u00e9rifier la verticalit\u00e9 de chaque segment, puis serrez les boulons une fois le contr\u00f4le effectu\u00e9.<\/p><p>\u2463 Installation des accessoires : une fois le levage termin\u00e9, installez l'\u00e9chelle, la plate-forme, le garde-corps et le dispositif de mise \u00e0 la terre (la r\u00e9sistance de mise \u00e0 la terre doit \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 10 \u03a9 pour \u00e9viter les coups de foudre). Installez enfin l'\u00e9quipement (c\u00e2bles, antenne, etc.).<\/p><p>\u2464 R\u00e9ception des travaux : V\u00e9rifier la verticalit\u00e9 globale de la tour (\u00e9cart \u2264 H\/1 500, o\u00f9 H correspond \u00e0 la hauteur totale de la tour), le couple de serrage des boulons (taux de contr\u00f4le al\u00e9atoire \u2265 10%, taux de conformit\u00e9 100%) et la r\u00e9sistance de mise \u00e0 la terre. La tour ne peut \u00eatre mise en service qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9ussite de tous les essais.<\/p><p><strong>2. \u00c9quipements de base<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Mat\u00e9riel de levage : grue sur camion, grue sur chenilles (\u00e9quip\u00e9e d'un dispositif \u00ab Superlift \u00bb, adapt\u00e9e aux terrains accident\u00e9s) ;<\/p><p>\u2461 Mat\u00e9riel de mesure : station totale (mesure de la verticalit\u00e9), cl\u00e9 dynamom\u00e9trique (mesure du couple de serrage des boulons), testeur de r\u00e9sistance de sol ;<\/p><p>\u2462 \u00c9quipement de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : nacelle \u00e9l\u00e9vatrice, harnais de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (\u00e0 double crochet, fix\u00e9 \u00e0 une structure solide), dispositif antichute.<\/p><p><strong>3. Mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Le personnel effectuant des travaux en hauteur doit \u00eatre certifi\u00e9, porter un casque de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et un harnais de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 double mousqueton. Il est interdit de travailler en \u00e9tat d'\u00e9bri\u00e9t\u00e9 ;<\/p><p>\u2461 Une zone d'alerte doit \u00eatre d\u00e9limit\u00e9e pendant les op\u00e9rations de levage, interdisant l'acc\u00e8s au personnel non affect\u00e9 au chantier. Le levage doit \u00eatre suspendu lorsque la vitesse du vent est \u2265 au niveau 6 ;<\/p><p>\u2462 Les fixations temporaires de la tour doivent \u00eatre solides (au moins deux haubans temporaires par section) afin d'\u00e9viter tout renversement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 7. Quelles sont les op\u00e9rations d'entretien courant n\u00e9cessaires pour les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res ? \u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence doivent-ils \u00eatre inspect\u00e9s ? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09a50ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09a50ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9d6bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9d6bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2166. L'objectif principal de l'entretien des pyl\u00f4nes en acier angulaire est de pr\u00e9venir les dommages structurels et de prolonger leur dur\u00e9e de vie. Les t\u00e2ches et fr\u00e9quences sp\u00e9cifiques sont les suivantes :<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1. Contenu relatif \u00e0 l'entretien quotidien<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Inspection visuelle :<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifiez que les corni\u00e8res de la tour ne pr\u00e9sentent pas de d\u00e9formation, de fissures ou de rouille (en accordant une attention particuli\u00e8re aux assemblages boulonn\u00e9s et aux zones situ\u00e9es pr\u00e8s de la base de la tour) ;<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifiez s\u2019il y a des boulons desserr\u00e9s ou manquants (utilisez une cl\u00e9 dynamom\u00e9trique pour effectuer des contr\u00f4les ponctuels et resserrez imm\u00e9diatement tout boulon desserr\u00e9) ;<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifiez si le rev\u00eatement anticorrosion pr\u00e9sente des traces d'\u00e9caillage ou de gonflement (si 10% ou plus du rev\u00eatement de zinc s'est d\u00e9tach\u00e9, appliquez \u00e0 nouveau de la peinture antirouille).<\/p><p>\u2461 Contr\u00f4le fonctionnel :<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifier la r\u00e9sistance de mise \u00e0 la terre (une fois par an ; effectuer une nouvelle v\u00e9rification avant la saison des pluies. Si la r\u00e9sistance d\u00e9passe la valeur sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e, nettoyer le r\u00e9seau de mise \u00e0 la terre ou installer une nouvelle \u00e9lectrode de mise \u00e0 la terre) ;<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifier la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des \u00e9chelles et des garde-corps des plates-formes (pour pr\u00e9venir les chutes) ;<\/p><p>V\u00e9rifiez l'\u00e9tat d'usure des points de fixation des conducteurs ainsi que l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des isolateurs sur les pyl\u00f4nes \u00e9lectriques (et des supports d'antennes sur les pyl\u00f4nes de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications). \u2462 Nettoyage de l'environnement :<\/p><p>Enlevez les mauvaises herbes et les d\u00e9bris autour de la tour et des fondations afin d'\u00e9viter que les racines n'endommagent ces derni\u00e8res.<\/p><p>Les tours situ\u00e9es dans les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res ou industrielles doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement nettoy\u00e9es pour \u00e9liminer les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de sel et la poussi\u00e8re, afin de limiter la corrosion.<\/p><p><strong>2. Fr\u00e9quence des inspections<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Inspection de routine : mensuelle (v\u00e9rification de l'aspect et contr\u00f4le fonctionnel sommaire, pouvant \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s par inspection vid\u00e9o \u00e0 distance ou par des contr\u00f4les ponctuels sur place) ;<\/p><p>\u2461 Inspection d\u00e9taill\u00e9e : deux fois par an (inspection visuelle compl\u00e8te, contr\u00f4le du couple de serrage des boulons et test de r\u00e9sistance de mise \u00e0 la terre) ;<\/p><p><strong>3. Inspections sp\u00e9ciales :<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Apr\u00e8s des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames (fortes pluies, typhons, tremblements de terre et fortes chutes de neige) : des inspections d'urgence doivent \u00eatre effectu\u00e9es dans les 24 heures, en s'attachant particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier l'inclinaison des pyl\u00f4nes et l'affaissement des fondations.<\/p><p>\u2461 Tours de plus de 15 ans : des essais de r\u00e9sistance structurelle doivent \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e (un organisme professionnel doit utiliser un appareil de mesure de contrainte pour tester la contrainte exerc\u00e9e sur les corni\u00e8res).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les pyl\u00f4nes en corni\u00e8res sont des structures m\u00e9talliques principalement constitu\u00e9es de corni\u00e8res, qui constituent leurs principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments porteurs. Ils offrent une stabilit\u00e9 structurelle, une grande capacit\u00e9 de charge et une installation ais\u00e9e. Ils sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les lignes de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, les stations de base de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, la diffusion radiophonique et t\u00e9l\u00e9visuelle, ainsi que dans les projets de protection contre la foudre. Leur structure de base se compose de poteaux principaux en acier, de tirants transversaux et diagonaux en corni\u00e8res, ainsi que de traverses.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":2134,"template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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SC(B)13 epoxy resin cast dry-type transformer can be used as an upgraded product of oil-immersed distribution transformer."],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["3"],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["product-post"],"_elementor_version":["3.31.1"],"_elementor_pro_version":["3.31.0"],"_astra_content_layout_flag":["disabled"],"site-post-title":["disabled"],"ast-title-bar-display":["disabled"],"ast-featured-img":["disabled"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"11e38e9\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3df9cea\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"widgetType\":\"nested-tabs\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Product Introduction\",\"_id\":\"28ed36e\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Feature\",\"_id\":\"44a77a3\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Structure\",\"_id\":\"4e5d404\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Specification\",\"_id\":\"04585e4\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Diagram\",\"_id\":\"ebc3184\"},{\"tab_title\":\"FAQ\",\"_id\":\"0b0e7cd\"}],\"tabs_title_background_color_background\":\"classic\",\"tabs_title_background_color_hover_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"title_text_color\":\"#000000\",\"__globals__\":{\"title_text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=text\",\"tabs_title_background_color_hover_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"tabs_title_background_color_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=556a01c\",\"tabs_title_background_color_active_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"title_typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d5375a8\"},\"tabs_justify_horizontal\":\"start\",\"tabs_title_space_between_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_space_between_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":97,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"63d4ba4\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"76c97e8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Product Introduction\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"40fb5fa\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2160.<\\\/strong> Angle steel towers are steel structures that use angle steel as their primary load-bearing components. They offer structural stability, strong load-bearing capacity, and easy installation. They are widely used in power transmission lines, communication base stations, broadcast and television transmission, and lightning protection projects.Their basic structure consists of main steel columns (usually equal-leg angle steel or unequal-leg angle steel), transverse and diagonal angle steel tie bars\\\/crossbars, connected by bolts or welding to form a spatial truss structure. The base is typically square or triangular in cross-section, and the overall structure tapers upward in a tapered or stepped shape to balance stability and material efficiency.Angle steel towers can be flexibly designed in height, cross-sectional dimensions, and angle steel specifications based on load requirements (such as wind load, icing, and equipment weight) and the application scenario. The main material is typically hot-dip galvanized, providing excellent corrosion resistance and adaptability to complex outdoor environments.<\\\/p><p><strong>II.<\\\/strong> Its basic structure consists of main steel columns (typically equal-leg angle steel or unequal-leg angle steel), transverse and diagonal angle steel ties\\\/crossbars, connected by bolts or welding to form a spatial truss structure. The base is typically square or triangular in cross-section, and the overall structure tapers upward in a tapered or stepped pattern to balance stability and material efficiency. The height, cross-sectional dimensions, and angle steel specifications of the angle steel tower can be flexibly designed based on load requirements (such as wind load, icing, and equipment weight) and the application scenario. The main material is often hot-dip galvanized, providing excellent corrosion resistance and adaptability to complex outdoor environments.<\\\/p><p><strong>III. Product Introduction<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>1. Structural Components: Primarily composed of the tower body, crossarms, diagonal members, and foundation. The tower body is the main structure, constructed from multiple sections of angle steel connected by bolts; crossarms are used to secure transmission lines; and diagonal members enhance the tower body's stability and load-bearing capacity.<\\\/p><p>2. Implementation Standards: GB\\\/T 2694-2010 DL\\\/T 5442-2012<\\\/p><p>3. Basic Structure<\\\/p><p>Tower body: The main structure of the angle steel tower, constructed from multiple sections of angle steel connected by bolts. Typically, the structure is square or triangular, offering high overall rigidity and load-bearing capacity.<\\\/p><p>4. Crossarms: Used to secure transmission lines such as wires, cables, and optical fibers, ensuring stable and secure transmission.<\\\/p><p>5. Diagonal members: Enhance the tower body's stability and load-bearing capacity, enabling the angle steel tower to better withstand various loads.<\\\/p><p>6. Foundation: Depending on the geological conditions, independent foundations, strip foundations, pile cap foundations, and other methods can be used to secure the angle steel tower to the ground and withstand the weight of the tower and various external forces.<\\\/p><p>Protection Level: The thickness of the galvanized coating must comply with the requirements of DL\\\/T 764.4-2001.<\\\/p><p><strong>IV Wind Resistance Level<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>1. According to GB 50009-2012 Code for Loads on Building Structures and GB 50135-2019 Code for Design of Tall Structures, the design must be based on the base wind pressure at the installation site (e.g., 0.3-0.8 kPa; in coastal areas, it can reach over 1.0 kPa). This ensures that the tower will not overturn or suffer structural damage in strong winds (e.g., typhoons of force 10 or above).<\\\/p><p>2. Earthquake Resistance<\\\/p><p>In accordance with the \\\"GB 50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings,\\\" based on seismic intensity zoning (e.g., 6-9 degrees), structural stiffness optimization and joint reinforcement design are implemented to ensure the integrity of the tower structure under seismic loads.<\\\/p><p>3. Snow and Ice Load Protection<\\\/p><p>In cold regions, snow loads (e.g., 0.2-0.7 kPa) and ice loads must be considered. Crossarm spacing and tower slope design are optimized to prevent overloads caused by snow and ice accumulation.<\\\/p>\",\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"2e2154e\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #2\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0f27574\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Product Features   \",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"f30b232\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>I. Core Features<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>1. Flexible Structural Form<\\\/p><p>Angle steel towers are primarily constructed of angle steel. They can be designed with triangular or quadrilateral cross-sections, depending on height and load requirements (such as wind resistance, ice resistance, and load-bearing capacity). The tower can also be segmented to accommodate installation in complex terrain (such as mountains and hills).<\\\/p><p>2. Stable Load-Bearing Performance<\\\/p><p>Angle steel, as a steel structure, possesses strong compressive, tensile, and shear resistance. The tower is connected through nodes to form a spatial truss structure, which evenly transfers loads (such as deadweight, wind, ice, and snow) to the foundation, ensuring high overall stability.<\\\/p><p>3. High Material Utilization<\\\/p><p>Angle steel's cross-sectional shape is suitable for bearing axial forces and bending moments. Different specifications of angle steel can be selected during design based on the load requirements of different locations, reducing material waste and making it lighter than structures such as concrete towers.<\\\/p><p>4. High Demountability<\\\/p><p>Most angle steel towers are bolted together rather than welded, making them easier to transport, install, and maintain. For relocation or renovation, they can be disassembled and reassembled, reducing secondary construction costs.<\\\/p><p>5. Structural Characteristics: Stable and Efficient Lattice Design<\\\/p><p>The mechanical advantages of triangular units, the flexibility of modular assembly, and the economical stratification of load bearing.<\\\/p><p>6. Material Characteristics: Excellent mechanical properties and strong load-bearing capacity.<\\\/p><p>7. Application Characteristics: High strength, good plasticity and toughness, and uniform mechanical properties facilitate functional expansion in various terrains and environments.<\\\/p><p>8. Engineering Characteristics: Convenient construction and maintenance, light weight, and easy transportation and installation.<\\\/p><p><strong>II. Main Advantages<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>1. Adaptability to Complex Environments<\\\/p><p>Angle steel towers are mostly made of carbon steel or galvanized steel. After anti-corrosion treatment (such as galvanizing and painting), they are highly weather-resistant and can withstand long-term use in harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, coastal areas (salt spray), and deserts, with a service life of over 30 years.<\\\/p><p>2. Convenient and Efficient Construction<\\\/p><p>Components are prefabricated in factories with high precision. On-site installation does not require large lifting equipment (for small and medium-sized towers). The assembly process is simple and the construction period is short, making them suitable for projects in remote areas or with limited space.<\\\/p><p>3. Cost Controllability<\\\/p><p>Compared to steel pipe towers and concrete towers, angle steel material costs are lower, and transportation and installation costs are reduced. This makes it particularly economical for medium-to-low height towers (under 50 meters).<\\\/p><p>4. Low Maintenance<\\\/p><p>The open structure, with exposed components, facilitates inspection for problems such as corrosion and loose bolts. Maintenance requires targeted replacement of damaged components, eliminating the need for extensive disassembly.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"764f307\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9872304\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Product structure\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"b1b2cc5\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>Detailed Explanation of Angle Steel Tower StructureAn angle steel tower is a lattice steel structure constructed with equal-leg angle steel and unequal-leg angle steel as core load-bearing components, connected by bolts. It is widely used in high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission lines, communication base stations, and meteorological monitoring. Its structural design must balance mechanical stability, load adaptability, and terrain compatibility. The tower can be disassembled into three modules: the core load-bearing system, auxiliary function system, and connection and fixing system. The structural form, function, and design logic of the sub-components within each module are as follows:<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"5474a64\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"24a71fc\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>I. Core Load-Bearing System: The Main Framework for Load Transfer<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The core load-bearing system is the core of the angle steel tower's ability to withstand external loads (such as conductor tension, wind loads, icing loads, and seismic loads). It determines the tower's overall stability and primarily consists of the tower head, tower body, and tower legs. These three components are rigidly connected by bolts, forming a top-down load transfer path (conductor\\\/ground wire loads \\u2192 tower head \\u2192 tower body \\u2192 tower legs \\u2192 foundation \\u2192 ground).<\\\/p><p><strong>1. Tower Head: Top Functional Load-Bearing Area<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The tower head is the key area at the top of the angle steel tower for installing conductors, ground wires, and insulation devices. Its structural form must meet the line design requirements for \\\"number of conductor splits, phase spacing, and insulation clearance.\\\" Common types include wine glass, cat head, stem, and ram's horn. While different types of tower heads differ in their member arrangements, their core components remain the same:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Tower Head Sub-Components: Ground Wire Bracket<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Conductor Crossarm<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Angled Arm<\\\/p><p>\\u2463 Tower Head Main Material<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Tower Body: The Main Body for Transmitting Vertical Loads<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The tower body is the intermediate section connecting the tower head and tower legs, accounting for 60%-80% of the total tower height and serving as the \\\"trunk\\\" of the angle steel tower. Its structural design must balance lightweighting with high strength. It typically utilizes square or rectangular lattice trusses, with cross-sectional dimensions decreasing in a stepwise fashion from bottom to top (each section is 3-6 meters high, with a cross-sectional reduction ratio of \\u226415%). The specific structure is as follows:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Main Tower Member<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Web Members<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Diaphragms<\\\/p><p><strong>3. Tower Legs: The Transitional Load-Bearing Section Connecting to the Foundation<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The tower legs are the critical connection between the angle steel tower and the foundation. They must transfer all loads (vertical, horizontal, and bending moments) from the tower to the foundation. While also adapting to complex terrains such as mountains, hills, and river valleys, the structural design is characterized by terrain adaptability:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Main Tower Leg Member<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Diagonal Leg Bracing<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Foundation Connection Section<\\\/p>\",\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true},{\"id\":\"316f71b\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"415ab2d\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>II. Auxiliary Function Systems: Structures Ensuring Safety and Operation and Maintenance<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Although the auxiliary function systems do not directly bear the primary load, they are crucial to the safe operation, construction, and maintenance of the tower. They primarily include the following components:<\\\/p><p><strong>1. Climbing System<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Ladder: Located along the inner side of the tower's main members, it consists of a ladder beam (\\u222050\\u00d75 steel angles) and a tread (\\u03c616 steel rounds, spaced 300mm apart). The ladder beam is bolted to the tower's main members. A resting platform (a rectangular frame composed of \\u222063\\u00d75 steel angles covered with patterned steel plates) is located every 10 meters. A 1.2m-high guardrail (\\u03c620 steel rounds) surrounds the platform.<\\\/p><p>Fall Arrest Device: A fall arrest rail (\\u03c632 steel rounds) is located parallel to one side of the ladder and fixed to the tower's transverse diaphragm. Construction workers wear fall arresters that slide along the rails to prevent falls. The rail joints must be smooth to prevent binding.<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Lightning Protection<\\\/strong> <strong>Grounding System<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Down-conductor: Use \\u222050\\u00d75mm angle steel or \\u03c616mm round steel. Install it vertically along the outside of the tower's main structure, connecting the upper end to the grounding support and the lower end to the foundation grounding grid. Secure the down-conductor to the tower with clamps every 2 meters to prevent wear caused by wind vibration.<\\\/p><p>Tower Grounding Node: Weld a \\\"grounding terminal plate\\\" (100\\u00d780\\u00d710mm steel plate, Q235B) to the tower's main structure. Four bolt holes are provided on the terminal plate for connecting to the horizontal grounding electrode (\\u03c612mm round steel or 40\\u00d74mm flat steel) of the grounding grid. The terminal plate must be hot-dip galvanized to prevent corrosion.<\\\/p><p><strong>3. Corrosion-Resistant Structure<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Material Corrosion Protection: All angle steel, gusset plates, and bolts are hot-dip galvanized (zinc coating thickness \\u2265 85\\u03bcm), ensuring an outdoor service life of over 30 years. In coastal areas or areas with salt spray, an additional coating of fluorocarbon paint (60-80\\u03bcm thick) is required to enhance salt spray corrosion resistance.<\\\/p><p>Drainage Structure: Drain holes (\\u03c610mm) must be provided in the tower gusset plates to prevent rainwater from accumulating at the gussets and causing bolt corrosion. The lower chord angle steel of the tower head crossarm must be sloped (1:100) to prevent water from seeping into the insulator strings.<\\\/p>\",\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true},{\"id\":\"5fc33e8\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4652b00\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>III. Connection and Fixing System: Key to Ensuring Structural Integrity<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>All components of the angle steel tower are assembled using bolted connections. The reliability of the connection system directly determines the overall stability of the tower. It primarily includes the following core components:<\\\/p><p><strong>1. Connection Bolts<\\\/strong><br \\\/>Type and Specifications: Use \\\"coarse hexagonal head bolts\\\" (GB\\\/T 1228), made of Q235B or Q355B, with a strength grade of 8.8 (high-strength bolts). Bolt specifications are determined by the loads on the members: M24-M30 bolts are used for the main members of the tower, and M16-M20 bolts are used for the web members. Each joint should have at least four bolts (at least six for tension joints).<\\\/p><p>Installation Requirements: Bolts must be secured with a double nut (after tightening the upper nut, unscrew the lower nut 1\\\/4 turn before tightening). The bolts must have at least two exposed threads. The bolt hole diameter should be 1-2 mm larger than the bolt diameter (e.g., an M24 bolt with a \\u03c625.5 mm hole) to avoid installation stress.<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Gusset Plate<\\\/strong><br \\\/>Structural Form: Use rectangular or trapezoidal steel plates (Q355B material, 10-25mm thick). Bolt holes should be provided according to the number and angle of the connecting members. Gusset plate edges should be rounded (radius \\u2265 10mm) to avoid stress concentration. Gusset plates where multiple members intersect (such as the tower body and tower head) should use a thickened type (3-5mm thicker than standard gusset plates).<br \\\/>Force Logic: Gusset plates act as the \\\"intermediary\\\" for load transfer and must simultaneously withstand the tension, compression, and shear forces of multiple members. Therefore, their dimensions must be determined through \\\"node strength verification\\\"\\u2014ensuring that the bolt hole spacing and plate edge distance meet the requirements for preventing shear and extrusion failure (e.g., the distance between the center of the bolt hole and the plate edge should be \\u2265 1.5 bolt diameters).<\\\/p><p>\\u00a0<\\\/p>\",\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"265fa39\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"73d198a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Specification\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"53e5531\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"bd32b31\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"cde164f\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"\",\"size\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":true}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"a681f0e\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"11bf213\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"FAQS\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"d080af3\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"widgetType\":\"nested-accordion\",\"settings\":{\"items\":[{\"item_title\":\"1. What is an Angle Steel Tower?\",\"_id\":\"1d2b564\"},{\"item_title\":\"2. What are the main applications for angle steel towers? What are the specific requirements for angle steel towers in different fields?\",\"_id\":\"6187cb3\"},{\"item_title\":\"3. What do the \\\"height above ground\\\" and \\\"base spacing\\\" of angle steel towers mean? How do they affect their use?\",\"_id\":\"9244a66\"},{\"item_title\":\"4. What loads should be considered in the design of angle steel towers? How do different loads affect the structural design?\",\"_id\":\"b474fe0\"},{\"item_title\":\"5. What are the key steps in the angle steel tower manufacturing process? How is quality assured?\",\"_id\":\"bab7d20\"},{\"item_title\":\"6. What is the installation process for angle steel towers? What core equipment and safety measures are required?\",\"_id\":\"a2a227a\"},{\"item_title\":\"7. What routine maintenance tasks are required for angle steel towers? How often should they be inspected?\",\"_id\":\"668e117\"}],\"accordion_item_title_icon\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-right\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"accordion_item_title_icon_active\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-down\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"default_state\":\"all_collapsed\",\"max_items_expended\":\"multiple\",\"accordion_item_title_space_between\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"accordion_background_normal_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"#F2F2F2\",\"accordion_background_hover_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"accordion_background_active_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"title_typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"title_typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"title_typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":14,\"sizes\":[]},\"title_typography_font_weight\":\"600\",\"hover_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"active_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"title_typography_typography\":\"\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"hover_title_color\":\"\",\"active_title_color\":\"\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=556a01c\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"05eeb49\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"d60b237\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong><b>\\u2160. <\\\/b><\\\/strong>An angle steel tower is a spatial truss structure constructed with equal or unequal angle steel as the primary load-bearing components, connected by bolts or welds. It typically has a square, triangular, or polygonal cross-section and is primarily used to carry loads such as conductors, communication antennas, and equipment platforms.<\\\/p><p>The following are the core differences between angle steel towers and other common tower types:<\\\/p><p><strong>1. Angle Steel Tower<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460. Core Components of Angle Steel Towers, Structural Form, Application Scenarios, Advantages, and Disadvantages:<\\\/p><p>Angle Steel (L-shaped cross-section). Spatial Truss (Multi-legged Distributed Load). Transmission Lines (110kV-500kV), Communication Base Stations (Medium to High Loads). Simple Fabrication, Low Cost, and Easy Maintenance. However, it has high wind resistance and is relatively bulky.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461. Core Components of Steel Tubular Towers, Structural Form, Application Scenarios, Advantages, and Disadvantages:<\\\/p><p>Seamless Steel Tubular\\\/Welded Steel Tubular (Circular Cross-section). Spatial Truss\\\/Rigid Frame (Concentrated Load). Ultra-high voltage transmission lines (750kV and above) and large-span spanning towers. They offer low wind loads, improved force resistance, and large spans. However, they are difficult to manufacture and expensive.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"9b6bfdb\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3e23d10\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>\\u2161. Angle steel towers are used in a variety of industries, including power, communications, transportation, and broadcasting. The core requirements vary significantly across these sectors:<\\\/p><p><strong>1. Power Transmission:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Primarily used for 110kV-500kV transmission lines, they must withstand the weight of the conductors, icing, wind loads (especially strong winds in coastal and mountainous areas), and line tension. They require strong fatigue resistance and weather resistance (e.g., resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture in cold regions and resistance to salt spray corrosion in coastal areas).<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Telecommunications Base Stations:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>They carry equipment such as antennas and RRUs (Remote Radio Units). They must ensure multi-directional load balancing (antennas are arranged in multiple locations), and the towers must have ladders and platforms for easy equipment installation and maintenance. Some urban base stations also require \\\"landscape\\\" features (e.g., disguised as streetlights or trees).<\\\/p><p><strong>3. Transportation:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Monitoring towers and signal towers used on highways and railways must adapt to complex roadside terrain (such as slopes and soft soil foundations). They require strong foundation resistance to overturning, and the towers must avoid obstructing drivers' vision.<\\\/p><p><strong>4. Broadcasting and Television:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Radio and television transmission towers must support heavy equipment such as transmitting antennas and signal receivers, and require extremely high vertical accuracy (typically \\u2264 1\\u2030) to prevent signal transmission from being affected by structural deviation.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"eb6a4dc\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"5f1cf45\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>\\u2162. These two are core geometric parameters of angle steel towers, directly determining their structural stability and applicable scenarios:<\\\/p><p>1.Height above ground: This refers to the vertical distance from the top of the tower base to the first major load-bearing point on the tower (e.g., the conductor attachment point on a transmission tower or the antenna mounting level on a communication tower).<\\\/p><p>2. Impact: Height above ground should be designed based on actual needs\\u2014for example, transmission lines need to avoid trees and buildings (to maintain a \\\"safety distance\\\"), and communication base stations need to increase their height based on coverage (typically 20-30m in cities and 30-50m in suburban areas). The greater the height, the greater the bending moment on the tower, necessitating thicker angle steel or larger cross-sectional dimensions to ensure strength.<\\\/p><p>3. Base spacing: This refers to the horizontal distance between the centers of two adjacent foundations at the base of the tower (e.g., the \\\"diagonal base spacing\\\" and \\\"side base spacing\\\" of a square tower).<\\\/p><p>4. Impact: The larger the root opening, the stronger the tower's ability to resist overturning (similar to \\\"a tripod stands more steadily\\\"), but it will increase the foundation footprint and construction costs; generally, the root opening is designed to be larger in mountainous areas and strong wind areas, while the root opening needs to be reduced (with a deeper foundation) in narrow urban areas.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"8566f20\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"d6f876c\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>1. Angle steel tower designs must comply with the \\\"Standard for the Design of Tall Structures\\\" (GB 51028-2015) and other regulations. Key considerations include permanent loads, variable loads, and accidental loads. The specific impacts are as follows:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Permanent loads (dead loads): Long-term fixed loads, including the tower's own weight (angle steel, bolts, and platform weight), equipment loads (conductors, antennas, and insulators), and ice and snow loads (the weight of ice adhering to the tower\\\/conductors, calculated based on the local maximum ice thickness).<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Impacts: Dead loads are the \\\"foundation load\\\" of structural design and directly determine the minimum cross-sectional dimensions of angle steel. For areas with severe ice cover (such as mountainous areas in Northeast and Southwest China), thicker angle steel should be used (e.g., upgrading from L63\\u00d76 to L75\\u00d78) to prevent deformation of the tower due to long-term heavy loads.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Variable loads (live loads): Loads acting short-term or periodically, including wind loads (the most critical, calculated based on the local maximum wind speed of 50 years), temperature loads (temperature differences between day and night\\\/seasons cause thermal expansion and contraction of the tower, generating additional stress), and maintenance loads (the weight of workers and tools, typically calculated as 2-3 people x 80 kg\\\/person).<\\\/p><p>\\u2463 Impact: Wind loads are the \\\"control loads\\\" in angle steel tower design\\u2014the higher the wind speed, the greater the thrust (downwind) and torque (acrosswind) on the tower. These loads must be mitigated by optimizing the tower cross-section (e.g., reducing the windward area) and increasing the bracing density. Temperature loads require small gaps at tower joints to prevent temperature differences from loosening bolts or cracking the angle steel.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464 Accidental loads: Sudden, low-probability loads, including seismic loads (calculated based on the local seismic intensity; for example, in areas with an intensity of 8, the foundation and tower base connection need to be strengthened), line break loads (the impact of a broken transmission tower conductor; a \\\"line break prevention device\\\" needs to be installed at the conductor attachment point), and lightning loads (a grounding system needs to be designed to prevent lightning damage to the tower).<\\\/p><p>\\u2465 Selection principle: Prioritize matching \\\"load requirements + environmental conditions\\\"\\u2014for example, Q355ND (salt spray resistance) is preferred in coastal areas, Q355B\\\/Q420C (low-temperature resistance) is preferred in cold regions, and Q235B (cost control) is preferred for low-load towers in ordinary suburban areas.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"3b6302b\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4da9555\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>\\u2164. <strong>Angle steel tower manufacturing requires five key steps: raw material inspection \\u2192 angle steel processing \\u2192 component assembly \\u2192 anti-corrosion treatment \\u2192 finished product inspection. Quality control at each step directly impacts the tower's lifespan:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1. Raw Material Inspection:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Requirements: Angle steel must provide a steel mill's material certificate and undergo batch-by-batch testing for yield strength, elongation, and chemical composition (e.g., Q355B must ensure C \\u2264 0.24% and Mn \\u2264 1.60%). Bolts must be tested for tensile strength and hardness (e.g., 8.8-grade bolts must have a tensile strength \\u2265 800 MPa).<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Purpose: To avoid the use of non-standard or inferior materials to prevent structural strength from failing to meet standards.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Key Processes: Punching the angle steel (bolt hole position accuracy must be \\u2264 \\u00b11mm to avoid misalignment during installation), bending (cold bending is required at tower cross-section changes; hot bending is prohibited, as it reduces strength), and cutting (smooth cuts, free of burrs and cracks).<\\\/p><p>\\u2463 Control Measures: Use CNC punching machines and CNC bending machines to reduce manual errors.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464 Key Requirements: Angle steel connections (bolted connections must be secured with double nuts, and welded connections must ensure the weld height is \\u2265 the angle steel thickness and free of slag inclusions and air holes); after tower segments are assembled, the verticality deviation must be \\u2264 L\\\/1000 (L is the segment length).<\\\/p><p>\\u2465 Inspection: Use a total station to inspect segment verticality, and ultrasonic testing to inspect weld quality.<\\\/p><p>\\u2466 Mainstream Process: Hot-dip galvanizing (most commonly used, zinc layer thickness \\u2265 85\\u03bcm, salt spray lifespan \\u2265 20 years); some specialized applications (such as chemical plants) use a dual corrosion protection method of \\\"hot-dip galvanizing + fluorocarbon paint\\\" (lifespan \\u2265 30 years).<\\\/p><p>\\u2467 Quality Control: After galvanizing, a \\\"salt spray test\\\" (simulating a marine environment to test the zinc layer's corrosion resistance) is required. The zinc layer must be uniform, free of gaps and sags.<\\\/p><p>\\u2468Content: Check the overall size of the tower body (height and root opening deviation \\u2264\\u00b15mm), component weight (deviation from design value \\u2264\\u00b13%), and adhesion of the anti-corrosion layer (tested by the cross-cutting method, the zinc layer does not fall off).<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"d41fa9f\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0fd938a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2165. Angle steel tower installation must follow the principle of \\\"foundation first, tower body second, lower part first, upper part second.\\\" The typical process and key requirements are as follows:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.Installation Process<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Foundation Acceptance: Check the tower base concrete strength (must reach 100% of the design strength), foundation top elevation (deviation \\u2264 \\u00b13mm), and foundation bolt position (deviation \\u2264 \\u00b12mm). Any non-compliant items must be corrected before construction can resume.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Tower Assembly (Ground Pre-Assembly): Divide the tower body into 3-5 segments and assemble them together on the ground (to minimize overhead work). Check that the segment connecting bolts are tightened (torque values must meet design requirements, e.g., M20 bolt torque \\u2265 250N\\u00b7m).<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Tower Hoisting: Use a truck crane or crawler crane (tonnage selected based on tower height, e.g., a 50t crane for a 30m tower and a 100t crane for a 50m tower) to hoist the tower segments one by one. Use a total station to calibrate verticality for each segment, and secure the bolts after passing the test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463 Accessory Installation: After hoisting is complete, install the ladder, platform, guardrail, and grounding device (grounding resistance must be \\u226410\\u03a9 to avoid lightning strikes). Finally, install the equipment (wires, antenna, etc.).<\\\/p><p>\\u2464 Completion Acceptance: Check the tower's overall verticality (deviation \\u2264H\\\/1500, where H is the total tower height), bolt torque (random inspection rate \\u226510%, pass rate 100%), and grounding resistance. The tower can be put into operation only after all tests pass.<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Core Equipment<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Lifting Equipment: Truck Crane, Crawler Crane (with Superlift Device, Suitable for Complex Terrain);<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Measuring Equipment: Total Station (Measures Verticality), Torque Wrench (Measures Bolt Torque), Ground Resistance Tester;<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Safety Equipment: Aerial Work Platform, Safety Belt (Double Hook, Attached to a Solid Structure), Fall Arrester.<\\\/p><p><strong>3. Safety Measures<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Personnel Performing Aerial Work Must Be Certified, Wear a Safety Helmet, and Double Hook Safety Belt. Working While Intoxicated is Prohibited;<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 A Warning Area Must Be Established During Lifting, Prohibiting Non-Construction Personnel from Entering. Hoisting Must Be Suspended When Wind Speeds \\u2265 Level 6;<\\\/p><p>\\u2462 Temporary Tower Fixings Must Be Secure (At Least Two Temporary Guy Ropes Per Section) to Prevent Overturning.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"09a50ce\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"f9d6bbd\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2166.The core goal of angle steel tower maintenance is to prevent structural damage and extend its service life. Specific tasks and cycles are as follows:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1. Daily Maintenance Content<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Visual Inspection:<\\\/p><p>Inspect the tower angle steel for deformation, cracks, or rust (focus on bolted joints and areas near the tower base);<\\\/p><p>Check for loose or missing bolts (use a torque wrench for spot checks and tighten any loose bolts immediately);<\\\/p><p>Check for peeling or bulging of the anti-corrosion coating (if 10% or more of the zinc coating has fallen off, reapply anti-rust paint).<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Functional Inspection:<\\\/p><p>Check ground resistance (once annually, recheck before the rainy season. If resistance exceeds the specified value, clean the ground grid or add a new grounding electrode);<\\\/p><p>Check the security of ladders and platform guardrails (to prevent falls);<\\\/p><p>Check the conductor attachment points for wear and tear and the integrity of insulators on power towers (and antenna mounting for communications towers). \\u2462 Environmental Cleaning:<\\\/p><p>Remove weeds and debris around the tower and foundation to prevent root damage to the foundation.<\\\/p><p>Towers in coastal\\\/industrial areas should be regularly cleaned of salt spray and dust to reduce corrosion.<\\\/p><p><strong>2. Inspection Frequency<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 Routine Inspection: Monthly (appearance and simple functional inspection, which can be performed via remote video inspection or on-site spot checks);<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Detailed Inspection: Semi-annually (comprehensive appearance inspection, bolt torque inspection, and ground resistance test);<\\\/p><p><strong>3. Special Inspections:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460 After extreme weather (heavy rain, typhoons, earthquakes, and heavy snow): Emergency inspections should be conducted within 24 hours, focusing on checking for tower tilt and foundation settlement.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461 Towers over 15 years old: Structural strength testing should be conducted annually (a professional organization should use a stress tester to test the stress on the angle steel).<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true}]}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true}]}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:263:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 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data=\\\"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id=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\\\" role=\\\"tabpanel\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\\\" class=\\\" elementor-element elementor-element-2e2154e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"2e2154e\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f27574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"0f27574\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Product Features   <\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\\\" role=\\\"tabpanel\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863463\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\\\" class=\\\" elementor-element elementor-element-764f307 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"764f307\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9872304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"9872304\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Product structure<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" 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elementor-size-default\\\">FAQS<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-d080af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"d080af3\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"nested-accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-n-accordion\\\" aria-label=\\\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"1\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 1. What is an Angle Steel Tower? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-05eeb49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"05eeb49\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"2\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 2. What are the main applications for angle steel towers? What are the specific requirements for angle steel towers in different fields? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b6bfdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"9b6bfdb\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"3\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 3. What do the \\\"height above ground\\\" and \\\"base spacing\\\" of angle steel towers mean? How do they affect their use? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb6a4dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"eb6a4dc\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"4\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 4. What loads should be considered in the design of angle steel towers? How do different loads affect the structural design? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"5\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 5. What are the key steps in the angle steel tower manufacturing process? How is quality assured? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"6\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 6. What is the installation process for angle steel towers? What core equipment and safety measures are required? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"7\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 7. What routine maintenance tasks are required for angle steel towers? 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steel towers are steel structures primarily built with angle steel as their primary load-bearing components. They offer structural stability, strong load-bearing capacity, and easy installation. They are widely used in power transmission lines, communication base stations, broadcast and television transmission, and lightning protection projects. 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