{"id":3095,"date":"2025-09-02T03:15:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T03:15:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=3095"},"modified":"2025-09-29T07:26:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T07:26:39","slug":"10kv-35kv-distribution-transformer-three-phase-changer-oil-type","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/products\/10kv-35kv-distribution-transformer-three-phase-changer-oil-type\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformador de distribuci\u00f3n OLTC de 35 kV, trif\u00e1sico, con cambiador de tomas en carga, de aceite"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"product-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3095\" class=\"elementor elementor-3095\" data-elementor-post-type=\"product\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11e38e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11e38e9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df9cea e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3df9cea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;start&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"64986346\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre las entradas con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralas con la tecla Esc y despl\u00e1zate con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863461\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863461\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tBreve introducci\u00f3n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCaracter\u00edstica\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863463\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEstructura\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863464\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863464\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEspecificaciones\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863465\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863465\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tDiagrama\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-649863466\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-649863466\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPreguntas frecuentes\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863461\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863461\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-63d4ba4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63d4ba4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c97e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76c97e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Breve introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40fb5fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40fb5fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2160<\/strong><strong>.Breve introducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Normas:<\/strong> IEC 60076, GB\/T 1094, GB\/T 25446-2010<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Potencia nominal:<\/strong> 200 kVA-2 500 kVA<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Tensi\u00f3n primaria:<\/strong> 35 kV<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Tensi\u00f3n secundaria:<\/strong> 0,4 kV o seg\u00fan sea necesario<\/p><p><strong>5. Modo de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n:<\/strong> Cambio de tomas en carga<\/p><p><strong>6. Frecuencia:<\/strong> 50 Hz o 60 Hz<\/p><p><strong>7.<\/strong><strong>Tipo:<\/strong> Transformador el\u00e9ctrico trif\u00e1sico<\/p><p><strong>8.<\/strong><strong>Tipo de conexi\u00f3n:<\/strong> Dyn11, Yyn0 o seg\u00fan las especificaciones del cliente<\/p><p><strong>9. Grado de aislamiento:<\/strong>A<\/p><p><strong>10. M\u00e9todo de refrigeraci\u00f3n: <\/strong>ON\u00c1N<\/p><p><strong>\u2161<\/strong><strong>.Condiciones de trabajo<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Temperatura ambiente:<\/strong> No m\u00e1s de +40 \u2103. No menos de -25 \u2103. La temperatura media mensual no supera los +30 \u2103. La temperatura media anual no supera los +20 \u2103.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Altitud:<\/strong> No m\u00e1s de 1000 m.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Humedad relativa del aire:<\/strong>\u226490%<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>lugar de instalaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Un entorno limpio y estable, el cumplimiento de los requisitos de distancia de seguridad, una disipaci\u00f3n del calor y una ventilaci\u00f3n adecuadas<\/p><p><strong>5. \u00c1mbito de aplicaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Los transformadores con cambio de tomas en carga se utilizan ampliamente en \u00e1mbitos como el transporte de energ\u00eda, las redes de distribuci\u00f3n y las energ\u00edas renovables. En el transporte de energ\u00eda a larga distancia, permiten ajustar la tensi\u00f3n para garantizar la estabilidad del suministro; en las redes de distribuci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda urbanas o industriales, regulan autom\u00e1ticamente la tensi\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de los cambios de carga; y cuando se conectan fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables, como la e\u00f3lica y la solar, a la red el\u00e9ctrica, responden r\u00e1pidamente a los cambios en la red y garantizan un suministro estable de electricidad.<\/p><p><strong>\u2162.<\/strong><strong>Los ensayos para transformadores con cambio de tomas en carga<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Pruebas de f\u00e1brica (verificaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica durante la fabricaci\u00f3n)<\/strong><\/p><p>Las pruebas de f\u00e1brica son pruebas obligatorias que deben realizarse antes de que el transformador salga de f\u00e1brica. Su finalidad es garantizar que el producto cumple con las normas de dise\u00f1o y los acuerdos t\u00e9cnicos, entre los que se incluyen principalmente:<\/p><p>\u2460Pruebas de aislamiento: medici\u00f3n de la resistencia de aislamiento, factor de p\u00e9rdida diel\u00e9ctrica (tan\u03b4)<\/p><p>\u2461medici\u00f3n, ensayo de resistencia a la tensi\u00f3n aplicada, ensayo de resistencia a la tensi\u00f3n inducida.<\/p><p>\u2462Medici\u00f3n de la resistencia de los devanados en corriente continua.<\/p><p>\u2463Prueba de la relaci\u00f3n de transformaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>\u2464Prueba de grupo de conexi\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Pruebas espec\u00edficas para conmutadores de carga: prueba de funcionamiento mec\u00e1nico, medici\u00f3n de la resistencia de transici\u00f3n y medici\u00f3n del tiempo de conmutaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Ensayos de tipo (evaluaci\u00f3n exhaustiva del rendimiento de nuevos productos o mejoras significativas)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460 Prueba de aumento de temperatura.<\/p><p>\u2461Prueba de resistencia a los cortocircuitos.<\/p><p>\u2462 Ensayo de impulso de rayo.<\/p><p>\u2463Prueba de impulsos de funcionamiento.<\/p><p>\u2464Medici\u00f3n del nivel sonoro.<\/p><p>\u2465Medici\u00f3n de la impedancia de secuencia cero.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Pruebas de entrega in situ (verificaci\u00f3n previa a la puesta en servicio tras la instalaci\u00f3n)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460Inspecci\u00f3n del aspecto y los accesorios.<\/p><p>\u2461Prueba de aislamiento.<\/p><p>\u2462Prueba de funcionamiento in situ del conmutador de tomas en carga.<\/p><p>\u2463Prueba de calidad del aceite.<\/p><p>\u2464Prueba del sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Pruebas preventivas (mantenimiento peri\u00f3dico y detecci\u00f3n durante el funcionamiento)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460Prueba del aceite aislante.<\/p><p>\u2461Medici\u00f3n de la resistencia de aislamiento de los devanados y de la p\u00e9rdida diel\u00e9ctrica.<\/p><p>\u2462Detecci\u00f3n del estado del conmutador de tomas en carga.<\/p><p>\u2463Ensayo de caracter\u00edsticas mec\u00e1nicas.<\/p><p>\u2464Inspecci\u00f3n del desgaste por contacto.<\/p><p>\u2465Medici\u00f3n de la corriente de puesta a tierra del n\u00facleo.<\/p><p>\u2466Detecci\u00f3n mediante im\u00e1genes t\u00e9rmicas por infrarrojos.<\/p><p>Los ensayos espec\u00edficos para los cambiadores de tomas en carga (funcionamiento mec\u00e1nico, resistencia de transici\u00f3n y caracter\u00edsticas de conmutaci\u00f3n) constituyen los elementos fundamentales de los ensayos que los distinguen de los transformadores convencionales.<\/p><p><strong>\u2163<\/strong><strong>.Inspecci\u00f3n de los componentes de un transformador con cambio de tomas en carga<\/strong><\/p><p>Los transformadores en carga (transformadores con cambiadores de tomas en carga) son equipos fundamentales en las redes el\u00e9ctricas. La inspecci\u00f3n de sus componentes debe abarcar dos partes fundamentales: el propio transformador y el cambiador de tomas en carga (OLTC), as\u00ed como las inspecciones de los sistemas auxiliares. A continuaci\u00f3n se ofrece una clasificaci\u00f3n detallada y una explicaci\u00f3n del contenido de la inspecci\u00f3n de los componentes:<\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n de los componentes principales del cuerpo del transformador<\/strong><\/p><p>El cuerpo del transformador es el n\u00facleo de la conversi\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica, por lo que es necesario prestar especial atenci\u00f3n a componentes clave como el aislamiento, el n\u00facleo de hierro, los devanados y el dep\u00f3sito de aceite:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del bobinado<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir ensayo de resistencia en corriente continua, ensayo de resistencia de aislamiento y de coeficiente de absorci\u00f3n\/\u00edndice de polarizaci\u00f3n, ensayo de p\u00e9rdida diel\u00e9ctrica (tan\u03b4), ensayo de deformaci\u00f3n de los devanados y ensayo de descargas parciales<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo de hierro<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir la prueba de resistencia de aislamiento del n\u00facleo de hierro y la prueba de corriente de puesta a tierra del n\u00facleo de hierro<\/p><p>El n\u00facleo de hierro es el elemento central del circuito magn\u00e9tico, por lo que hay que evitar que se produzcan m\u00faltiples fallos de conexi\u00f3n a tierra o da\u00f1os en el aislamiento.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n de dep\u00f3sitos de combustible y accesorios<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir la inspecci\u00f3n de la estanqueidad del dep\u00f3sito de aceite, la inspecci\u00f3n del conservador de aceite y del indicador de nivel de aceite, as\u00ed como la inspecci\u00f3n de los casquillos.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n especial del conmutador de tomas en carga (OLTC)<\/strong><\/p><p>El OLTC es el componente principal de los transformadores en carga, encargado de regular la tensi\u00f3n bajo carga. Su inspecci\u00f3n est\u00e1 directamente relacionada con el funcionamiento seguro del equipo:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n de caracter\u00edsticas mec\u00e1nicas<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> incluyen la prueba de secuencia de acci\u00f3n, la prueba del mecanismo de funcionamiento y la prueba de l\u00edmites mec\u00e1nicos<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del rendimiento el\u00e9ctrico<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir la prueba de resistencia de contacto, la prueba de resistencia de aislamiento, la prueba de descargas parciales durante la conmutaci\u00f3n y la prueba de resistencia de transici\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Calidad del aceite e inspecci\u00f3n de la c\u00e1mara de aceite<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir la inspecci\u00f3n del aceite aislante del OLTC y la inspecci\u00f3n de la estanqueidad de la c\u00e1mara de aceite<\/p><p><strong>\u2463<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del sistema de control y protecci\u00f3n<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir la prueba del circuito de control y la prueba de las funciones de protecci\u00f3n<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del aceite aislante y del sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del aceite aislante<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluir los par\u00e1metros f\u00edsicos y qu\u00edmicos habituales y el an\u00e1lisis de gases disueltos en el aceite (DGA)<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Incluye la inspecci\u00f3n del radiador\/refrigerador y la comprobaci\u00f3n del sistema de control de temperatura<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n de otros componentes auxiliares<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n de la v\u00e1lvula de alivio de presi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del rel\u00e9 de gas (rel\u00e9 de ventilaci\u00f3n)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del sistema de puesta a tierra<\/strong><\/p><p>La inspecci\u00f3n de los componentes de los transformadores en carga debe abarcar cuatro aspectos: rendimiento el\u00e9ctrico, caracter\u00edsticas mec\u00e1nicas, estado del aislamiento y an\u00e1lisis de la calidad del aceite. Se debe prestar especial atenci\u00f3n a los componentes principales, como los devanados, los n\u00facleos de hierro y el OLTC, sin dejar de lado los sistemas auxiliares, como los de refrigeraci\u00f3n, control y protecci\u00f3n. Mediante inspecciones peri\u00f3dicas (como pruebas preventivas y monitorizaci\u00f3n en l\u00ednea), es posible detectar a tiempo posibles fallos, lo que garantiza un funcionamiento seguro y estable de los transformadores.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2154e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e2154e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f27574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f27574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caracter\u00edsticas estructurales<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f30b232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f30b232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2160.<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas del producto<\/strong><\/p><p>Un transformador en carga (es decir, un transformador con cambio de tomas en carga) es un tipo de transformador capaz de ajustar la tensi\u00f3n de salida mientras funciona bajo carga. Su caracter\u00edstica principal gira en torno a la \u201cregulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n sin interrupci\u00f3n del suministro\u201d, ya que combina la funci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica de transferencia de energ\u00eda de un transformador con la capacidad de ajustar din\u00e1micamente la tensi\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas funcionales principales:<\/strong> Regulaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de la tensi\u00f3n bajo carga<\/p><p>Esta es la diferencia fundamental entre los transformadores en carga y los transformadores ordinarios con cambio de tomas en vac\u00edo, que se manifiesta concretamente de la siguiente manera:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Continuidad y flexibilidad en la regulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>La relaci\u00f3n de transformaci\u00f3n entre las bobinas primaria y secundaria se puede modificar mediante el mecanismo de control sin necesidad de desconectar la carga, lo que permite un ajuste suave de la tensi\u00f3n de salida.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Transferencia de energ\u00eda ininterrumpida<\/strong><\/p><p>Durante la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n, la transferencia de corriente entre las distintas posiciones de toma se lleva a cabo mediante el dispositivo de conmutaci\u00f3n del cambiador de tomas en carga (por ejemplo, resistencias de transici\u00f3n o reactancias), lo que garantiza un flujo continuo de corriente en las bobinas primaria y secundaria y un suministro ininterrumpido de energ\u00eda a la carga.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas del dise\u00f1o estructural:<\/strong> Cambiadores de tomas especiales y mecanismos de protecci\u00f3n<\/p><p>El componente adicional fundamental de un transformador con conmutaci\u00f3n en carga es el conmutador de tomas en carga, cuyo dise\u00f1o influye directamente en la fiabilidad del transformador:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Estructura de doble grupo de los cambiadores de tomas en carga<\/strong><\/p><p>Los cambiadores de tomas suelen constar de dos partes: un interruptor selector y un interruptor desviador. El interruptor selector preselecciona la posici\u00f3n de toma deseada, mientras que el interruptor desviador completa la transferencia de corriente desde la toma actual a la toma deseada bajo carga. Esta estructura de doble grupo reduce la formaci\u00f3n de arcos el\u00e9ctricos y la p\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda durante la conmutaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Dise\u00f1o de circuitos de transici\u00f3n y de extinci\u00f3n de arcos<\/strong><\/p><p>Durante la conmutaci\u00f3n, se conectan resistencias de transici\u00f3n o reactancias al circuito para limitar la corriente de cortocircuito y la sobretensi\u00f3n de conmutaci\u00f3n. Por otra parte, se utilizan interruptores de vac\u00edo o estructuras de extinci\u00f3n de arco sumergidas en aceite para extinguir r\u00e1pidamente los arcos generados durante la conmutaci\u00f3n, lo que evita el desgaste de los contactos y prolonga la vida \u00fatil del interruptor.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nicos y el\u00e9ctricos<\/strong><\/p><p>Equipado con limitadores mec\u00e1nicos, enclavamientos el\u00e9ctricos (por ejemplo, para evitar un funcionamiento incorrecto bajo carga), protecci\u00f3n contra sobrecargas y protecci\u00f3n contra gases (para los modelos sumergidos en aceite). En caso de bloqueo del cambiador de tomas, sobrecarga o fallo del aislamiento, estos dispositivos cortan autom\u00e1ticamente la alimentaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica y activan una alarma para garantizar un funcionamiento seguro.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas de rendimiento operativo:<\/strong> Eficiencia, estabilidad y velocidad de respuesta.<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas de eficiencia y p\u00e9rdidas<\/strong><\/p><p>Durante el funcionamiento normal, su rendimiento es comparable al de los transformadores convencionales (95%~99% o superior). Sin embargo, el proceso de conmutaci\u00f3n del cambiador de tomas genera peque\u00f1as p\u00e9rdidas adicionales (por ejemplo, p\u00e9rdidas en la resistencia de transici\u00f3n o p\u00e9rdidas por arco el\u00e9ctrico). Estas p\u00e9rdidas son insignificantes para la eficiencia global debido a su duraci\u00f3n extremadamente breve (del orden de milisegundos).<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Regulaci\u00f3n de alta tensi\u00f3n de precisi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Es capaz de suministrar tensi\u00f3n de forma estable en todo el rango de carga (desde sin carga hasta la carga nominal), con una precisi\u00f3n de regulaci\u00f3n que suele situarse entre \u00b10,5% y \u00b11%, lo que cumple con los estrictos requisitos de estabilidad de tensi\u00f3n de los equipos de precisi\u00f3n y las l\u00edneas de producci\u00f3n industriales.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Respuesta din\u00e1mica r\u00e1pida<\/strong><\/p><p>El conmutador de tomas funciona con rapidez (por lo general, completa la conmutaci\u00f3n en cuesti\u00f3n de segundos tras recibir una orden de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n), lo que permite una respuesta r\u00e1pida ante las fluctuaciones de tensi\u00f3n de la red (por ejemplo, cambios repentinos de carga o variaciones en la ca\u00edda de tensi\u00f3n de l\u00ednea) y evita que las desviaciones excesivas de tensi\u00f3n da\u00f1en los equipos.<\/p><p><strong>\u2463<\/strong><strong>Capacidad de resistencia a cortocircuitos y sobrecargas<\/strong><\/p><p>El cuerpo principal est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para soportar cortocircuitos, al igual que los transformadores convencionales. El cambiador de tomas debe superar pruebas de corriente de cortocircuito para garantizar que no sufra da\u00f1os durante cortocircuitos repentinos. Adem\u00e1s, cuenta con cierta capacidad de sobrecarga (por ejemplo, una sobrecarga a corto plazo de entre 1,2 y 1,5 veces la corriente nominal) para adaptarse a las fluctuaciones de carga de la red el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas del escenario de aplicaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Adaptaci\u00f3n a los requisitos de la red el\u00e9ctrica y de la carga<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Regulaci\u00f3n y estabilizaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n de la red el\u00e9ctrica<\/strong><\/p><p>Se utiliza ampliamente en los enlaces de transmisi\u00f3n y distribuci\u00f3n de los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos: en el extremo de transmisi\u00f3n, compensa las ca\u00eddas de tensi\u00f3n en la l\u00ednea para garantizar una tensi\u00f3n adecuada al final de la transmisi\u00f3n de larga distancia. En el lado de la distribuci\u00f3n, ajusta la tensi\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de los cambios en la carga del lado del usuario (por ejemplo, las diferencias de carga entre picos y valles) para evitar sobretensiones o subtensiones.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Adaptaci\u00f3n a cargas industriales y especiales<\/strong><\/p><p>Adecuado para cargas industriales sensibles a la tensi\u00f3n (por ejemplo, m\u00e1quinas-herramienta de precisi\u00f3n, l\u00edneas de producci\u00f3n electr\u00f3nica, arranques de motores de gran potencia), lo que garantiza un funcionamiento estable de los equipos mediante la regulaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de la tensi\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n se utiliza en sistemas de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda renovable (por ejemplo, e\u00f3lica, fotovoltaica) para compensar las fluctuaciones de tensi\u00f3n durante la conexi\u00f3n a la red y mejorar la compatibilidad con la red.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Caracter\u00edsticas de mantenimiento y vida \u00fatil<\/strong><\/p><p>El conmutador de tomas es un componente vulnerable que requiere un mantenimiento peri\u00f3dico (por ejemplo, limpieza de contactos, sustituci\u00f3n del aceite aislante, inspecci\u00f3n de las resistencias de transici\u00f3n), con un ciclo de mantenimiento que suele oscilar entre 1 y 3 a\u00f1os y unos costes de mantenimiento m\u00e1s elevados que los de los transformadores normales. Sin embargo, su vida \u00fatil total es comparable a la de los transformadores comunes (entre 20 y 30 a\u00f1os), y un mantenimiento adecuado puede prolongar su ciclo de vida \u00fatil.<\/p><p>Las caracter\u00edsticas principales de los transformadores en carga pueden resumirse en: regulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n en carga sin interrupci\u00f3n, regulaci\u00f3n precisa con respuesta r\u00e1pida, estructura compleja que requiere mantenimiento y adaptaci\u00f3n a las redes el\u00e9ctricas y a las cargas sensibles. Gracias al dise\u00f1o especial de los cambiadores de tomas, estos cumplen la funci\u00f3n fundamental de \u201cregulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n sin interrupci\u00f3n del suministro\u201d, lo que los convierte en equipos clave para el control de la estabilidad de la tensi\u00f3n en los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos y para el suministro de energ\u00eda a cargas complejas. El mantenimiento peri\u00f3dico es esencial para garantizar la fiabilidad de los cambiadores de tomas.<\/p><p><strong>\u2161.<\/strong><strong>Producto <\/strong><strong>Ventajas<\/strong><\/p><p>La principal ventaja de los transformadores en carga radica en que resuelven el problema de los transformadores en vac\u00edo tradicionales, que requieren un corte de suministro el\u00e9ctrico durante la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n. Estas son sus principales ventajas:<\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Garantizar la continuidad del suministro el\u00e9ctrico y mejorar la fiabilidad<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n sin corte de suministro:<\/strong> A diferencia de los transformadores tradicionales sin carga, que requieren desconectar las cargas e interrumpir el suministro el\u00e9ctrico al ajustar la tensi\u00f3n, los transformadores en carga pueden cambiar de posici\u00f3n de toma mientras est\u00e1n en funcionamiento, gracias al dise\u00f1o especial de los conmutadores de tomas en carga (como las resistencias de transici\u00f3n y las estructuras de extinci\u00f3n de arco al vac\u00edo), lo que evita los cortes de suministro provocados por la regulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Reducci\u00f3n de las p\u00e9rdidas debidas a los cortes de suministro el\u00e9ctrico:<\/strong> En lugares con requisitos extremadamente exigentes en cuanto a la continuidad del suministro el\u00e9ctrico, como hospitales, centros de datos e industrias de fabricaci\u00f3n de precisi\u00f3n, los transformadores en carga reducen de forma eficaz las p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas, los da\u00f1os en los equipos o los riesgos para la seguridad provocados por los cortes de suministro el\u00e9ctrico.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Tensi\u00f3n precisa y estable, que optimiza la calidad de la energ\u00eda<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Regulaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de la tensi\u00f3n:<\/strong> En los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos, la tensi\u00f3n de la red puede desviarse del valor nominal debido a fluctuaciones en la carga (por ejemplo, picos y valles en el consumo el\u00e9ctrico), variaciones en las p\u00e9rdidas de l\u00ednea o la inestabilidad de las nuevas fuentes de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda (energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica, energ\u00eda fotovoltaica). Los transformadores en carga pueden ajustar r\u00e1pidamente las posiciones de las tomas bas\u00e1ndose en datos de monitorizaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n en tiempo real (el tiempo de conmutaci\u00f3n suele ser de unos pocos segundos) para estabilizar la tensi\u00f3n de salida dentro del rango admisible (error general \u2264 \u00b12,5%).<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Adaptaci\u00f3n a situaciones de carga complejas:<\/strong> En la producci\u00f3n industrial, las fluctuaciones de tensi\u00f3n provocadas por cargas de impacto \u2014como los arranques de motores de gran potencia y el funcionamiento de m\u00e1quinas de soldadura\u2014 pueden regularse oportunamente mediante transformadores en carga, lo que garantiza el funcionamiento normal de los equipos y reduce los problemas de calidad de los productos o las aver\u00edas de los equipos causados por la inestabilidad de la tensi\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Mejora de la eficiencia y la rentabilidad del funcionamiento de la red el\u00e9ctrica<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Reducci\u00f3n de las p\u00e9rdidas en la red:<\/strong> Cuando la tensi\u00f3n en el extremo de la red es baja, la corriente de l\u00ednea aumenta, lo que provoca mayores p\u00e9rdidas (las p\u00e9rdidas son proporcionales al cuadrado de la corriente). Al aumentar la tensi\u00f3n de salida, los transformadores en carga reducen la corriente de l\u00ednea, disminuyen las p\u00e9rdidas de potencia activa y mejoran la eficiencia de la transmisi\u00f3n de la red.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Prolongar la vida \u00fatil de los equipos:<\/strong> Un entorno con tensi\u00f3n estable reduce el envejecimiento del aislamiento y el desgaste mec\u00e1nico de los equipos el\u00e9ctricos (por ejemplo, motores, transformadores y condensadores), lo que prolonga su vida \u00fatil y reduce los costes de mantenimiento y la frecuencia de sustituci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Adaptaci\u00f3n a las nuevas necesidades de conexi\u00f3n a la red el\u00e9ctrica:<\/strong> Las nuevas fuentes de energ\u00eda, como la e\u00f3lica y la fotovoltaica, presentan volatilidad e intermitencia, lo que puede provocar fluctuaciones de tensi\u00f3n en los nodos de conexi\u00f3n a la red. Los transformadores en carga regulan din\u00e1micamente la tensi\u00f3n para garantizar una integraci\u00f3n estable de la energ\u00eda procedente de estas nuevas fuentes en la red y mejorar la capacidad de absorci\u00f3n de dicha energ\u00eda.<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Mejora de la flexibilidad de la red y de la capacidad de regulaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Respuesta flexible a los cambios de carga:<\/strong> Con el desarrollo urbano y la modernizaci\u00f3n industrial, la tasa de crecimiento y las caracter\u00edsticas de distribuci\u00f3n de las cargas el\u00e9ctricas siguen cambiando. Los transformadores en carga pueden adaptarse a las demandas de carga en diferentes regiones y franjas horarias mediante la regulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n, optimizar la distribuci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda en la red y evitar la sobrecarga o el funcionamiento con carga ligera de las redes locales.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Apoyo a la interconexi\u00f3n con la red el\u00e9ctrica y a su modernizaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> En la interconexi\u00f3n de redes m\u00faltiples, la transformaci\u00f3n de redes antiguas o la construcci\u00f3n de redes inteligentes, la funci\u00f3n de regulaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de la tensi\u00f3n de los transformadores en carga mejora la coordinaci\u00f3n y la compatibilidad de la red, simplifica la gesti\u00f3n de la red y aumenta la estabilidad del sistema.<\/p><p><strong>5.<\/strong><strong>Amplios escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n y gran viabilidad pr\u00e1ctica<\/strong><\/p><p>Los transformadores en carga no solo se utilizan en redes de transmisi\u00f3n de alta tensi\u00f3n y sistemas de distribuci\u00f3n de media tensi\u00f3n, sino tambi\u00e9n en entornos como las centrales el\u00e9ctricas propias de empresas industriales, los sistemas de suministro el\u00e9ctrico del transporte ferroviario y la distribuci\u00f3n en edificios de gran altura. Su rango de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n suele ser amplio (con m\u00faltiples posiciones de toma, como \u00b13\u00d72,5%, \u00b15\u00d71,25%, etc.), lo que permite satisfacer las necesidades de diferentes niveles de tensi\u00f3n y precisiones de regulaci\u00f3n, lo que los hace muy vers\u00e1tiles y pr\u00e1cticos.<\/p><p>Gracias a ventajas fundamentales como la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n sin interrupciones, la estabilizaci\u00f3n precisa de la tensi\u00f3n, la reducci\u00f3n de p\u00e9rdidas y la mejora de la eficiencia, as\u00ed como a su regulaci\u00f3n flexible, los transformadores en carga mejoran significativamente la fiabilidad, la rentabilidad y la flexibilidad de las redes el\u00e9ctricas. Son equipos clave e indispensables en las redes el\u00e9ctricas modernas, y su papel cobra cada vez m\u00e1s importancia, especialmente en el contexto de la creciente demanda de conexi\u00f3n de nuevas fuentes de energ\u00eda a la red, la construcci\u00f3n de redes inteligentes y un suministro el\u00e9ctrico de alta calidad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863463\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-764f307 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"764f307\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9872304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9872304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estructura del producto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b2cc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1b2cc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los componentes principales de los transformadores sumergidos en aceite son el n\u00facleo de hierro, los devanados y el dep\u00f3sito de aceite. La precisi\u00f3n en la fabricaci\u00f3n de estos tres componentes influye directamente en el rendimiento del transformador.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5474a64 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5474a64\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a71fc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24a71fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2160.<\/strong><strong>Fabricaci\u00f3n de componentes b\u00e1sicos<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Fabricaci\u00f3n de n\u00facleos de hierro<\/strong><\/p><p>Corte de chapas de acero al silicio, laminado de n\u00facleos de hierro, curado y conformado.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Fabricaci\u00f3n de bobinas<\/strong><\/p><p>Procesamiento de conductores, bobinado y tratamiento de aislamiento.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Fabricaci\u00f3n de conmutadores de tomas en carga<\/strong><\/p><p>Fabricaci\u00f3n de componentes clave, montaje y puesta a punto, aislamiento y sellado.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4144565 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4144565\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5efec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d5efec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4677\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-316f71b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"316f71b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a64ba5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a64ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4678\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415ab2d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"415ab2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2161.<\/strong><strong>Montaje final<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Montaje del cuerpo del transformador<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2. Montaje de <\/strong><strong>secado general<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>3.A<\/strong><strong>Montaje del dep\u00f3sito de aceite.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a0ed7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a0ed7f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7e7b3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c7e7b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2162.<\/strong><strong>Llenado de aceite y tratamiento al vac\u00edo<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Llenado de aceite al vac\u00edo,<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2.H<\/strong><strong>Circulaci\u00f3n de aceite.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8418c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8418c8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b4fa40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b4fa40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4679\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db9ebd4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db9ebd4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c75ed8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0c75ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4680\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61c2596 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61c2596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2163.<\/strong><strong>Pruebas e inspecci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Pruebas rutinarias<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2.S<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n especial de los cambiadores de tomas en carga<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>3.O<\/strong><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n del rendimiento general.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863464\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863464\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-265fa39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"265fa39\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73d198a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73d198a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Especificaciones<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cbd024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"6cbd024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Acorde\u00f3n. Abre los enlaces con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralos con la tecla Esc y navega con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1140\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1140\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Transformador de distribuci\u00f3n SZ11 de 35 kV con cambio de tomas en carga <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1140\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1cd649 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1cd649\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4963224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4963224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.table-responsive {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow-x: auto; \/* \u5c0f\u5c4f\u5e55\u53ef\u6a2a\u5411\u6eda\u52a8 *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* \u8868\u683c\u57fa\u7840\u6837\u5f0f *\/\r\n.tg  {\r\n  border-collapse: collapse;\r\n  border-spacing: 0;\r\n  min-width: 800px; \/* \u9632\u6b62\u8868\u683c\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u5f97\u592a\u5c0f *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n.tg td, .tg th {\r\n  border-color: black;\r\n  border-style: solid;\r\n  border-width: 1px;\r\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  padding: 10px 5px;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  vertical-align: top;\r\n  word-break: normal;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.tg th {\r\n  font-weight: normal;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.tg .tg-4fhu {\r\n  background-color: #FFF;\r\n  color: #212529;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* \u5e73\u677f\u9002\u914d *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .tg td, .tg th {\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    padding: 8px 4px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* \u624b\u673a\u9002\u914d *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\r\n  .tg td, .tg th {\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    padding: 6px 3px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\r\n<table class=\"tg\">\r\n<thead>\r\n  <tr>\r\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\r\n.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\r\n  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\r\n  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\r\n.tg .tg-wa1i{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n.tg .tg-nrix{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"tg\"><thead>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" rowspan=\"2\">Capacidad nominal<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" rowspan=\"2\">H.V.<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" rowspan=\"2\">L.V.<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" rowspan=\"2\">S\u00edmbolo de conexi\u00f3n<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" colspan=\"2\">P\u00e9rdidas en vac\u00edo (kW)<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\" colspan=\"2\">P\u00e9rdida en carga (kW)<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">Impedancia de cortocircuito<\/th>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">S11<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">S13<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">S11<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">S13<\/th>\r\n    <th class=\"tg-wa1i\">S11<\/th>\r\n  <\/tr><\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">50<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\" rowspan=\"16\">35<br><br><br><br>38.5<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\" rowspan=\"16\">0.4<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\" rowspan=\"16\">Dyn11<br><br><br><br>Yyn0<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.16<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.112<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.20\/1.14<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.20\/1.14<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\" rowspan=\"16\">6.5<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">100<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.23<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.161<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.01\/1.91<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.01\/1.91<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">125<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.27<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.189<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.37\/2.26<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.37\/2.26<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">160<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.28<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.196<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.82\/2.68<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.82\/2.68<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">200<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.34<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.238<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">3.32\/3.16<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">3.32\/3.16<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">250<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.4<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.28<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">3.95\/3.76<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">3.95\/3.76<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">315<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.48<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.336<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">4.75\/4.53<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">4.75\/4.53<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">400<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.58<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.406<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">5.74\/5.47<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">5.74\/5.47<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">500<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.68<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.476<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">6.91\/6.58<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">6.91\/6.58<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">630<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.83<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.581<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">7.86<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">7.86<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">800<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.98<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.686<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">9.4<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">9.4<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1000<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.15<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.805<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">11.5<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">11.5<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1250<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.4<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">0.98<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">13.9<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">13.9<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1600<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.69<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.183<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">16.6<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">16.6<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2000<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.99<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.393<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">19.7<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">19.7<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n  <tr>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2500<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">2.36<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">1.652<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">23.2<\/td>\r\n    <td class=\"tg-nrix\">23.2<\/td>\r\n  <\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody><\/table>   \r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863465\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863465\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e5531 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53e5531\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd32b31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd32b31\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9003e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9003e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-1024x819.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4873\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-1024x819.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-300x240.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-768x614.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-1536x1229.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4-600x480.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-\u6cb9\u53d8\u6709\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4.webp 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-649863466\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-649863466\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a681f0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a681f0e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11bf213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11bf213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">     Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-692e57a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"692e57a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2160. Servicio de mantenimiento b\u00e1sico<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d080af3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d080af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Acorde\u00f3n. Abre los enlaces con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralos con la tecla Esc y navega con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son la tensi\u00f3n nominal y la potencia nominal del transformador OLTC de Kete sumergido en aceite? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2180\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05eeb49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05eeb49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d60b237 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d60b237\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Tensi\u00f3n primaria (lado de alta tensi\u00f3n): <\/strong>Suelen oscilar entre 1 kV y 66 kV, con valores nominales habituales como 6 kV, 10 kV, 11 kV, 20 kV, 33 kV, 34,5 kV y 35 kV.<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Tensi\u00f3n secundaria (lado de baja tensi\u00f3n): <\/strong>Entre las tensiones nominales secundarias m\u00e1s habituales se incluyen:<\/p><p>\u00b7400 V (0,4 kV) para el suministro industrial y residencial<\/p><p>\u00b711 kV o 33 kV<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Personalizaci\u00f3n: <\/strong>Los transformadores pueden dise\u00f1arse para aplicaciones espec\u00edficas. Si tiene requisitos espec\u00edficos de potencia o necesidades de tensi\u00f3n, podemos dise\u00f1ar y personalizar transformadores a medida para satisfacer sus necesidades.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n utiliza el transformador OLTC de Kete sumergido en aceite? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b6bfdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b6bfdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e23d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e23d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los transformadores OLTC de Kete, sumergidos en aceite, utilizan principalmente dos m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n habituales: ONAN y ONAF.<\/p><p>\u2460<strong>\u00c1mbito de aplicaci\u00f3n de ONAN<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores de baja potencia<\/strong><\/p><p>Capacidad t\u00edpica de aplicaci\u00f3n: Se utiliza habitualmente para transformadores de la clase de 10 kV con una potencia de 500 kVA o inferior, y de la clase de 35 kV con una potencia de 1 000 kVA o inferior.<\/p><p>Motivo: Los transformadores de peque\u00f1a potencia presentan bajas p\u00e9rdidas (poca generaci\u00f3n de calor) y la disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor permite cumplir los requisitos de aumento de temperatura, adem\u00e1s de tener una estructura sencilla y un coste reducido.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Casos en los que el entorno de instalaci\u00f3n no est\u00e1 bien configurado<\/strong><\/p><p>Adecuado para espacios abiertos al aire libre, salas de distribuci\u00f3n interiores bien ventiladas o zonas con bajas temperaturas ambientales.<\/p><p>Si se instala en espacios cerrados (como s\u00f3tanos), es necesario realizar una evaluaci\u00f3n adicional de las condiciones de disipaci\u00f3n del calor, y puede que sea necesario mejorar el m\u00e9todo de refrigeraci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores con baja tasa de carga o funcionamiento intermitente<\/strong><\/p><p>En el caso de los transformadores que permanecen en estado de carga ligera durante un periodo prolongado (\u00edndice de carga &lt; 50%), la capacidad de disipaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica del sistema ONAN resulta suficiente, sin que se produzca un gasto energ\u00e9tico innecesario derivado de la refrigeraci\u00f3n forzada.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>\u00c1mbito de aplicaci\u00f3n de la ONAF<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores de capacidad media y grande<\/strong><\/p><p>Capacidad t\u00edpica aplicable: clase de 10 kV con 800 kVA y superiores, y clase de 35 kV con 1 600 kVA y superiores para transformadores peque\u00f1os y medianos.<\/p><p>Motivo: Los transformadores de capacidad media y grande presentan p\u00e9rdidas elevadas (grandes p\u00e9rdidas en el cobre y en el hierro), y la disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor no basta para respetar el l\u00edmite de aumento de temperatura, por lo que se necesitan ventiladores para ayudar a mejorar la disipaci\u00f3n del calor.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores con alta tasa de carga o funcionamiento continuo<\/strong><\/p><p>Adecuado para situaciones en las que se produce un funcionamiento a plena carga durante largos periodos o se producen grandes fluctuaciones de carga (en las que es necesario soportar sobrecargas de corta duraci\u00f3n), como los transformadores principales de las plantas industriales y los transformadores de distribuci\u00f3n en las redes de distribuci\u00f3n urbanas.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Entornos con condiciones de disipaci\u00f3n de calor limitadas<\/strong><\/p><p>Si el transformador se instala en un entorno interior con poca ventilaci\u00f3n o en zonas con temperaturas ambientales elevadas (como las regiones tropicales), ONAF puede compensar la falta de disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor mediante una refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire forzado, evitando as\u00ed que la temperatura del aceite alcance niveles excesivos que puedan afectar a su vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. \u00bfC\u00f3mo influye el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n del transformador OLTC de Kete, sumergido en aceite, en su rendimiento en diferentes condiciones clim\u00e1ticas? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2182\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb6a4dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb6a4dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f1cf45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f1cf45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El impacto de los sistemas de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN (refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire natural sumergido en aceite) y ONAF (refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire forzado sumergido en aceite) de los transformadores OLTC sumergidos en aceite de Kete sobre su rendimiento en diferentes condiciones clim\u00e1ticas es el siguiente:<\/p><p>\u2460<strong>Repercusiones de un clima de altas temperaturas<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN:<\/strong> Cuando la temperatura ambiente supera los 40 \u00b0C, la eficiencia de disipaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica del sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN disminuye significativamente, pudiendo reducirse hasta aproximadamente 60%. Esto se debe a que las altas temperaturas reducen la viscosidad del aceite, lo que debilita su fluidez y, por lo tanto, disminuye la eficiencia de la disipaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica por convecci\u00f3n natural. En este punto, la temperatura de los devanados del transformador aumenta r\u00e1pidamente, lo que acelera el envejecimiento del aislamiento. Seg\u00fan la ley de Arrhenius, la vida \u00fatil del aislamiento se reduce a la mitad por cada aumento de 8 \u00b0C en la temperatura. Al mismo tiempo, las altas temperaturas provocan una disminuci\u00f3n de la permeabilidad magn\u00e9tica de las l\u00e1minas de acero al silicio y un aumento de las p\u00e9rdidas por corrientes par\u00e1sitas, lo que reduce la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica. Puede ser necesario reducir la potencia nominal del transformador; de lo contrario, existe riesgo de da\u00f1os en el aislamiento y de incendio.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF:<\/strong> En entornos con altas temperaturas, el efecto de refrigeraci\u00f3n de los ventiladores del sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF disminuye. Aunque la disipaci\u00f3n del calor puede mejorarse a\u00f1adiendo equipos de refrigeraci\u00f3n auxiliares, el rendimiento general sigue vi\u00e9ndose afectado en cierta medida. No obstante, en comparaci\u00f3n con el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN, el sistema ONAF, gracias a la disipaci\u00f3n activa del calor mediante ventiladores, alcanza una mayor eficiencia de disipaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica en las mismas condiciones de alta temperatura. Permite controlar mejor la temperatura de los devanados del transformador y retrasar el envejecimiento del aislamiento.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>Repercusiones del clima de bajas temperaturas<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN:<\/strong> En entornos de baja temperatura, como por ejemplo a temperaturas inferiores a -30 \u00b0C, la viscosidad del aceite de transformador aumenta considerablemente, lo que provoca una mayor resistencia a la circulaci\u00f3n. Esto puede provocar que se estanque la disipaci\u00f3n del calor o incluso que el aceite se solidifique (el punto de fluidez del aceite de transformador es de aproximadamente -45 \u00b0C). Adem\u00e1s, el agua disuelta en el aceite puede transformarse en cristales de hielo en suspensi\u00f3n, lo que aumenta el riesgo de descargas parciales. Durante la puesta en marcha en fr\u00edo, las tensiones mec\u00e1nicas pueden provocar grietas en las soldaduras o en el aislamiento debido a la fragilidad del material. Por lo tanto, a temperaturas extremadamente bajas, es necesario realizar un precalentamiento por encima de los 0 \u00b0C antes de la puesta en servicio.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF:<\/strong> En entornos con bajas temperaturas, adem\u00e1s del problema del aumento de la viscosidad del aceite \u2014similar al de ONAN\u2014, el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF tambi\u00e9n se enfrenta al riesgo de que se forme hielo en los ventiladores. Esto puede afectar al funcionamiento normal de los ventiladores y reducir a\u00fan m\u00e1s la eficiencia de la disipaci\u00f3n del calor.<\/p><p>\u2462<strong>Efectos de un clima con alta humedad y niebla salina<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN:<\/strong> En entornos con alta humedad, en los que esta supera el 90%, el contenido de humedad del papel aislante aumenta, lo que provoca una disminuci\u00f3n de la rigidez diel\u00e9ctrica de aproximadamente un 30% y reduce el rendimiento del aislamiento del transformador. En entornos con niebla salina, las uniones de los devanados se corroen, lo que aumenta la resistencia de contacto y provoca un sobrecalentamiento local, lo que afecta al funcionamiento normal y a la vida \u00fatil del transformador.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF:<\/strong> Los climas con alta humedad y niebla salina afectan al sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF de forma similar a como lo hacen al ONAN, provocando principalmente una degradaci\u00f3n del rendimiento del aislamiento y la corrosi\u00f3n de los componentes. Sin embargo, dado que el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAF est\u00e1 equipado con componentes giratorios, como los ventiladores, en entornos con alta humedad hay que prestar especial atenci\u00f3n a la prevenci\u00f3n de problemas como los cortocircuitos provocados por la humedad en los motores de los ventiladores.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el criterio principal a la hora de elegir entre los m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN y ONAF para los transformadores OLTC de kete sumergidos en aceite? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2183\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8566f20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8566f20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6f876c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6f876c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La elecci\u00f3n entre los m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n ONAN (circulaci\u00f3n natural de aceite y refrigeraci\u00f3n natural por aire) y ONAF (circulaci\u00f3n natural de aceite y refrigeraci\u00f3n forzada por aire) para los transformadores OLTC sumergidos en aceite de Kete se basa fundamentalmente en la adecuaci\u00f3n entre los requisitos de disipaci\u00f3n de calor del transformador y las condiciones reales de disipaci\u00f3n de calor. En concreto, esta elecci\u00f3n puede evaluarse de forma exhaustiva a partir de los siguientes cinco aspectos clave:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Capacidad nominal del transformador y generaci\u00f3n de calor por p\u00e9rdidas<\/strong><\/p><p>Esta es la base m\u00e1s fundamental. El calor generado por un transformador proviene principalmente de las p\u00e9rdidas en el cobre (p\u00e9rdidas en carga) y de las p\u00e9rdidas en el hierro (p\u00e9rdidas en vac\u00edo). Cuanto mayor es la potencia, mayores son las p\u00e9rdidas y mayor es la necesidad de disipaci\u00f3n de calor:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores de peque\u00f1a potencia (bajas p\u00e9rdidas):<\/strong><\/p><p>Cuando la potencia nominal es reducida (por ejemplo, \u2264500 kVA para la clase de 10 kV, \u22641000 kVA para la clase de 35 kV), el calor generado por las p\u00e9rdidas es escaso. El calor puede disiparse mediante la convecci\u00f3n natural del aceite del transformador (el aceite caliente asciende y el fr\u00edo desciende) y la convecci\u00f3n natural entre la carcasa o el radiador y el aire, sin necesidad de equipos de refrigeraci\u00f3n adicionales. Por lo tanto, se prefiere el sistema ONAN.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Transformadores de capacidad media y grande (de altas p\u00e9rdidas):<\/strong><\/p><p>Cuando la potencia supera el rango anterior (por ejemplo, \u2265800 kVA para la clase de 10 kV, \u22651600 kVA para la clase de 35 kV), las p\u00e9rdidas aumentan significativamente y la tasa de disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor no puede igualar la generaci\u00f3n de calor. Esto puede provocar que la temperatura del aceite supere los l\u00edmites establecidos por la normativa nacional (normalmente, un aumento m\u00e1ximo de la temperatura del aceite \u226455 K o 60 K). En tales casos, es necesario utilizar ventiladores para forzar el flujo de aire y acelerar la disipaci\u00f3n del calor, por lo que se opta por el sistema ONAF.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>Caracter\u00edsticas de carga de funcionamiento<\/strong><\/p><p>La tasa de carga real y el modo de funcionamiento del transformador influyen directamente en los requisitos de disipaci\u00f3n de calor:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Baja tasa de carga o funcionamiento intermitente:<\/strong><\/p><p>Si el transformador funciona con una carga ligera durante un periodo prolongado (\u00edndice de carga &lt; 50%) o solo se pone en marcha durante picos de corta duraci\u00f3n (por ejemplo, los transformadores de distribuci\u00f3n rural), aunque su capacidad sea ligeramente superior, la generaci\u00f3n real de calor es baja. La capacidad natural de disipaci\u00f3n de calor de ONAN puede satisfacer la demanda, por lo que no es necesario malgastar energ\u00eda en ventiladores. Por ello, se opta por ONAN.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Alta tasa de carga o funcionamiento continuo a plena carga:<\/strong><\/p><p>En el caso de los transformadores de los parques industriales, las redes de distribuci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo urbano y otros equipos que funcionan a plena carga durante largos periodos de tiempo o que presentan grandes fluctuaciones de carga (y que deben soportar sobrecargas a corto plazo), la generaci\u00f3n de calor sigue siendo elevada. El sistema ONAN no puede satisfacer los requisitos de disipaci\u00f3n de calor, por lo que es necesario el sistema ONAF de refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire forzado mediante ventiladores. Incluso durante una sobrecarga, los ventiladores pueden mejorar la capacidad de disipaci\u00f3n de calor (por lo general, admiten sobrecargas a corto plazo de 10%-20%). Por ello, se opta por el sistema ONAF.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Entorno de instalaci\u00f3n y condiciones de disipaci\u00f3n del calor<\/strong><\/p><p>Los factores ambientales influyen directamente en la eficacia de la disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor, por lo que es necesario adaptar los m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de cada situaci\u00f3n:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Entornos bien ventilados y con temperaturas bajas:<\/strong><\/p><p>Si el transformador se instala en un espacio abierto al aire libre, en regiones de gran altitud (baja densidad del aire pero buena ventilaci\u00f3n) o en zonas fr\u00edas, la eficiencia de la disipaci\u00f3n de calor por convecci\u00f3n natural es elevada. Incluso si la capacidad se aproxima al valor cr\u00edtico, se puede dar prioridad a ONAN.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Entornos con mala ventilaci\u00f3n y altas temperaturas:<\/strong><\/p><p>Si se instala en salas de distribuci\u00f3n cerradas, s\u00f3tanos, regiones tropicales o entornos industriales con elevada contaminaci\u00f3n por polvo o aceite, la disipaci\u00f3n natural del calor se ve obstaculizada. Incluso con una capacidad ligeramente inferior, la temperatura del aceite puede aumentar en exceso debido a las malas condiciones de disipaci\u00f3n del calor. En tales casos, es necesario pasar al modelo ONAF para compensar las deficiencias del entorno mediante un flujo de aire forzado generado por ventiladores.<\/p><p>\u2463<strong>Costes y requisitos de mantenimiento<\/strong><\/p><p>Existen diferencias significativas en los costes iniciales y en los costes de funcionamiento y mantenimiento entre los dos m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Ventajas de ONAN:<\/strong><\/p><p>No cuenta con ventiladores ni circuitos de control, lo que se traduce en una estructura m\u00e1s sencilla. El coste inicial de adquisici\u00f3n es bajo (entre 5% y 10% inferior al del ONAF de la misma capacidad) y no requiere mantenimiento del motor, por lo que los costes de funcionamiento y mantenimiento a largo plazo son pr\u00e1cticamente nulos. Es adecuado para situaciones en las que el coste es un factor importante y los recursos de mantenimiento son limitados (por ejemplo, redes el\u00e9ctricas rurales o peque\u00f1os transformadores de usuario).<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Desventajas y necesidad de la ONAF:<\/strong><\/p><p>Requiere una configuraci\u00f3n adicional de ventiladores, termostatos y circuitos el\u00e9ctricos, lo que conlleva unos costes iniciales m\u00e1s elevados. Los motores de los ventiladores necesitan una inspecci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica (limpieza de polvo, lubricaci\u00f3n de cojinetes), lo que implica una cierta carga de trabajo de mantenimiento y un consumo de energ\u00eda (la potencia de los ventiladores suele oscilar entre decenas y cientos de vatios). Sin embargo, en el caso de los transformadores de capacidad media y grande, o de aquellos con condiciones de disipaci\u00f3n de calor insuficientes, es necesario asumir estos costes para garantizar un funcionamiento seguro. Por lo tanto, el sistema ONAF es una \u201copci\u00f3n necesaria\u201d m\u00e1s que una \u201copci\u00f3n basada en la prioridad de costes\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la vida \u00fatil de los transformadores OLTC sumergidos en aceite de Kete?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6302b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b6302b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4da9555 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4da9555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Seg\u00fan las normas internacionales (como la IEC 60076), la vida \u00fatil prevista de los transformadores OLTC sumergidos en aceite de Kete suele calcularse en 20 a\u00f1os. Se trata de la vida \u00fatil prevista en condiciones ideales de \u201cfuncionamiento normal + mantenimiento peri\u00f3dico\u201d, lo que se refiere al tiempo que tardan los componentes principales (n\u00facleo de hierro, bobinados, aceite aislante) en envejecer hasta alcanzar un estado cr\u00edtico dentro de los par\u00e1metros de dise\u00f1o.<\/p><p>Rango de referencia pr\u00e1ctico en el sector: En la red el\u00e9ctrica real o en aplicaciones industriales, se trata de un indicador din\u00e1mico que se ve afectado por m\u00faltiples factores, como las normas de dise\u00f1o, las condiciones de funcionamiento y los niveles de mantenimiento. La vida \u00fatil de los transformadores suele oscilar entre los 20 y los 40 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son los factores que influyen en la vida \u00fatil de los transformadores sumergidos en aceite OLTC de Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d41fa9f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d41fa9f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fd938a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fd938a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La vida \u00fatil de los transformadores con conmutador de tomas en carga (OLTC) viene determinada por los efectos combinados de m\u00faltiples factores relacionados con el dise\u00f1o, el funcionamiento, el mantenimiento y otras fases. Los principales factores que influyen pueden clasificarse en cuatro grandes categor\u00edas: la propia calidad del equipo, las condiciones de funcionamiento, la gesti\u00f3n del mantenimiento y el entorno externo.<\/p><p>\u2460<strong>Factores que influyen en la calidad de los equipos (base fundamental de la vida \u00fatil)<\/strong><\/p><p>El dise\u00f1o, los materiales y los procesos de fabricaci\u00f3n de los equipos en la f\u00e1brica determinan directamente su \u201cl\u00edmite m\u00e1ximo inherente de vida \u00fatil\u201d. Los principales factores que influyen y las cuestiones relacionadas son los siguientes:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Calidad del conmutador de tomas en carga (OLTC)<\/strong><\/p><p>El OLTC es el componente principal de un transformador OLTC (que permite la regulaci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n bajo carga), y sus defectos de calidad son el principal factor inherente que provoca una reducci\u00f3n de su vida \u00fatil:<\/p><p>Material de contacto: Si se utilizan aleaciones de cobre comunes en lugar de aleaciones de plata o de cobre-tungsteno (que ofrecen una alta conductividad y resistencia al desgaste), la tasa de desgaste de los contactos se acelerar\u00e1, la resistencia de contacto aumentar\u00e1 y el sobrecalentamiento prolongado provocar\u00e1 la ablaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Estructura del aislamiento: Si hay burbujas o impurezas en los cilindros de aislamiento o en los conductos de aceite aislante, o si el nivel de resistencia t\u00e9rmica de los materiales aislantes (por ejemplo, la resina epoxi) es insuficiente (por debajo del est\u00e1ndar de 105 \u00b0C para el aislamiento de clase A), es probable que se produzca una aver\u00eda durante el funcionamiento, lo que provocar\u00eda descargas parciales.<\/p><p>Rendimiento de estanqueidad: Si la precisi\u00f3n de mecanizado de las superficies de estanqueidad del OLTC (por ejemplo, bridas, juntas de eje) es insuficiente, se producir\u00e1n fugas de aceite aislante, lo que permitir\u00e1 la entrada de humedad e impurezas y acelerar\u00e1 el envejecimiento del aislamiento.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Calidad del n\u00facleo de hierro y de los devanados<\/strong><\/p><p>L\u00e1minas de acero al silicio para n\u00facleos de hierro: Un espacio excesivo entre las l\u00e1minas de acero al silicio apiladas o unos recubrimientos aislantes da\u00f1ados aumentar\u00e1n las p\u00e9rdidas en el hierro (p\u00e9rdidas por corrientes par\u00e1sitas y p\u00e9rdidas por hist\u00e9resis), lo que provocar\u00e1 un sobrecalentamiento a largo plazo del n\u00facleo de hierro y un envejecimiento acelerado de la pintura aislante.<\/p><p>Conductores de bobinado y aislamiento: Las secciones transversales irregulares o las uniones de los conductores mal soldadas provocar\u00e1n una densidad de corriente local excesivamente alta.<\/p><p>El papel aislante (por ejemplo, papel para cables o papel crep\u00e9) con baja densidad de fibra y escasa resistencia al envejecimiento se volver\u00e1 fr\u00e1gil r\u00e1pidamente a altas temperaturas, lo que acortar\u00e1 la vida \u00fatil del aislamiento de los devanados.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Calidad del aceite aislante<\/strong><\/p><p>Si el aceite aislante no se somete en f\u00e1brica a rigurosos procesos de desgasificaci\u00f3n, deshidrataci\u00f3n y eliminaci\u00f3n de impurezas (por ejemplo, p\u00e9rdidas diel\u00e9ctricas excesivas o una tensi\u00f3n de ruptura inferior a 35 kV\/2,5 mm), el rendimiento aislante general se ver\u00e1 directamente reducido, lo que generar\u00e1 riesgos ocultos de descargas parciales y aver\u00edas en los devanados durante el funcionamiento.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>Factores relacionados con las condiciones de funcionamiento (factores adquiridos que aceleran la p\u00e9rdida de vida)<\/strong><\/p><p>Si los par\u00e1metros de funcionamiento, como la carga, la tensi\u00f3n y la temperatura, superan el rango de dise\u00f1o, el envejecimiento de los equipos se acelerar\u00e1 considerablemente, lo que convierte a estos factores en los principales factores adquiridos que afectan a la vida \u00fatil:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Funcionamiento con sobrecarga prolongada<\/strong><\/p><p>Cuando el factor de carga supera el valor nominal (por ejemplo, un funcionamiento prolongado por encima de 120%), las p\u00e9rdidas por cobre en el devanado (P = I\u00b2R) aumentan con el cuadrado de la corriente, lo que provoca un fuerte aumento de la temperatura del devanado:<\/p><p>Si la temperatura del devanado supera el l\u00edmite m\u00e1ximo permitido de 105 \u00b0C para el aislamiento de clase A (con temperaturas en puntos calientes que pueden alcanzar incluso los 120 \u00b0C o m\u00e1s), el grado de polimerizaci\u00f3n del papel aislante disminuir\u00e1 r\u00e1pidamente (entre un 50 y un 100 por a\u00f1o, aproximadamente), lo que podr\u00eda acortar la vida \u00fatil normal (de 20 a 30 a\u00f1os) a menos de 10 a\u00f1os.<\/p><p>La sobrecarga tambi\u00e9n aumenta la corriente que circula por los contactos del OLTC, lo que intensifica la ablaci\u00f3n por arco y duplica el desgaste de los contactos.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Repercusiones de la desviaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n y los arm\u00f3nicos<\/strong><\/p><p>Sobretensi\u00f3n prolongada: Si la tensi\u00f3n del sistema supera en m\u00e1s de 5% el valor nominal, la densidad de flujo magn\u00e9tico del n\u00facleo de hierro se saturar\u00e1, lo que aumentar\u00e1 las p\u00e9rdidas en el hierro y provocar\u00e1 el sobrecalentamiento del n\u00facleo. Al mismo tiempo, aumentar\u00e1 la intensidad del campo el\u00e9ctrico al que est\u00e1 sometido el aislamiento del devanado, lo que acelerar\u00e1 el envejecimiento del aislamiento.<\/p><p>Contaminaci\u00f3n arm\u00f3nica: Las corrientes arm\u00f3nicas (por ejemplo, la 3.\u00aa y la 5.\u00aa arm\u00f3nica) aumentan las p\u00e9rdidas adicionales en los devanados y en el n\u00facleo de hierro, lo que provoca un sobrecalentamiento local. Por su parte, las tensiones arm\u00f3nicas agravan el envejecimiento el\u00e9ctrico del aislamiento (por ejemplo, un aumento de las descargas parciales).<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Frecuencia y m\u00e9todo de cambio de derivaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Cambios frecuentes de toma: Si se realizan m\u00e1s de 20 cambios de toma al d\u00eda, los contactos del transformador de tensi\u00f3n con cambio de toma en l\u00ednea (OLTC) conectar\u00e1n y desconectar\u00e1n corriente con frecuencia. Cada operaci\u00f3n genera un arco el\u00e9ctrico, lo que acelera el desgaste de los contactos (la vida \u00fatil normal de los contactos es de aproximadamente 100 000 operaciones, pero puede reducirse a menos de 30 000 operaciones con un uso frecuente).<\/p><p>Fluctuaciones de carga durante el cambio de toma: Las subidas repentinas de carga (por ejemplo, el arranque de un motor) durante el cambio de toma pueden provocar un mal contacto entre los contactos, lo que genera \u201cdescargas de chispas\u201d y da\u00f1a a\u00fan m\u00e1s los contactos y el aislamiento.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Choque t\u00e9rmico y choque por diferencia de temperatura<\/strong><\/p><p>Temperatura ambiente excesivamente alta: En el caso de los transformadores al aire libre en verano, si la temperatura ambiente supera los 40 \u00b0C, la temperatura m\u00e1xima del aceite del transformador aumentar\u00e1 (superando los 85 \u00b0C permitidos), lo que acelerar\u00e1 la velocidad de oxidaci\u00f3n del aceite aislante (la velocidad de oxidaci\u00f3n se duplica por cada aumento de 10 \u00b0C en la temperatura) y empeorar\u00e1 la calidad del aceite.<\/p><p>Excesiva diferencia de temperatura entre el d\u00eda y la noche: En el norte de China, durante la primavera y el oto\u00f1o, si la diferencia de temperatura entre el d\u00eda y la noche supera los 20 \u00b0C, se producir\u00e1 la expansi\u00f3n y contracci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica de componentes como el dep\u00f3sito de aceite y los casquillos, lo que generar\u00e1 microhuecos en las superficies de sellado y provocar\u00e1 fugas de aceite aislante y la entrada de humedad.<\/p><p>\u2462<strong>Factores de gesti\u00f3n del mantenimiento (c\u00f3mo determinar si la vida \u00fatil cumple con los est\u00e1ndares)<\/strong><\/p><p>La falta de mantenimiento cient\u00edfico acelera el deterioro de los equipos y constituye un factor humano clave que provoca una reducci\u00f3n de su vida \u00fatil:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Mantenimiento inadecuado del aceite aislante<\/strong><\/p><p>Anal\u00edzis poco frecuentes de la calidad del aceite: Si no se comprueban las propiedades del aceite aislante (por ejemplo, la p\u00e9rdida diel\u00e9ctrica, la tensi\u00f3n de ruptura o el contenido de humedad) cada seis meses, de acuerdo con las normas, se producir\u00e1 un deterioro del aceite que pasar\u00e1 desapercibido (por ejemplo, un aumento del \u00edndice de acidez o la formaci\u00f3n de lodos), lo que provocar\u00e1 un deterioro continuo del rendimiento aislante.<\/p><p>Retraso en el cambio o la filtraci\u00f3n del aceite: Cuando la calidad del aceite supera los l\u00edmites establecidos (por ejemplo, contenido de humedad &gt; 30 ppm), si no se lleva a cabo la filtraci\u00f3n al vac\u00edo del aceite o su sustituci\u00f3n, el aislamiento de los devanados se contaminar\u00e1 con las impurezas presentes en el aceite, lo que intensificar\u00e1 las descargas parciales.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Mantenimiento insuficiente de la OLTC<\/strong><\/p><p>Inspecci\u00f3n de los contactos poco frecuente: Si no se desmonta y se inspecciona el desgaste de los contactos del OLTC cada 2-3 a\u00f1os, los contactos con un desgaste excesivo seguir\u00e1n funcionando, lo que aumentar\u00e1 la resistencia de contacto y provocar\u00e1 un sobrecalentamiento y una ablaci\u00f3n a largo plazo.<\/p><p>Incumplimiento de la sustituci\u00f3n del medio de extinci\u00f3n de arco: Si las c\u00e1maras de extinci\u00f3n de arco del OLTC (por ejemplo, c\u00e1maras de extinci\u00f3n de arco al vac\u00edo o c\u00e1maras de extinci\u00f3n de arco sumergidas en aceite) no se sustituyen seg\u00fan su vida \u00fatil (aproximadamente 20 a\u00f1os en el caso de las c\u00e1maras de extinci\u00f3n de arco al vac\u00edo), la capacidad de extinci\u00f3n de arco disminuir\u00e1. Los arcos no podr\u00e1n extinguirse r\u00e1pidamente durante el cambio de toma, lo que provocar\u00e1 la ablaci\u00f3n de los contactos.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Aver\u00edas en el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n no reparadas<\/strong><\/p><p>Obstrucci\u00f3n del radiador: Si no se limpian regularmente (una vez al trimestre) el polvo y las manchas de aceite de las superficies del radiador, se reduce la eficiencia de la disipaci\u00f3n del calor, lo que aumenta la temperatura m\u00e1xima del aceite entre 5 y 10 \u00b0C y acelera el envejecimiento del aislamiento.<\/p><p>Aver\u00edas en los ventiladores o las bombas de aceite: En los transformadores refrigerados por aire con circulaci\u00f3n forzada de aceite (OFAF), las reparaciones no programadas de ventiladores o bombas de aceite da\u00f1ados provocan una p\u00e9rdida de capacidad de refrigeraci\u00f3n, lo que causa un aumento repentino de la temperatura del aceite en un breve periodo de tiempo y da lugar a da\u00f1os en el aislamiento.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Falta de pruebas preventivas<\/strong><\/p><p>Pruebas de aislamiento poco frecuentes: Si no se realizan mediciones de la resistencia en corriente continua de los devanados, pruebas de p\u00e9rdidas diel\u00e9ctricas y detecci\u00f3n de descargas parciales cada 1 o 2 a\u00f1os, quedan sin detectar riesgos ocultos (por ejemplo, cortocircuitos entre espiras o rotura del aislamiento), lo que, en \u00faltima instancia, provoca fallos.<\/p><p>Corriente de puesta a tierra del n\u00facleo de hierro no supervisada: Si la corriente de puesta a tierra del n\u00facleo de hierro supera los 100 mA (normalmente deber\u00eda ser inferior a 10 mA) y no se toman medidas al respecto, se producir\u00e1 un sobrecalentamiento local del n\u00facleo de hierro, lo que provocar\u00e1 la abrasi\u00f3n de la pintura aislante.<\/p><p>\u2463<strong>Factores del entorno externo (factores que aceleran la p\u00e9rdida de vida \u00fatil)<\/strong><\/p><p>Los contaminantes, los desastres naturales y otros factores del entorno externo provocan un desgaste directo de los equipos, lo que acelera su envejecimiento:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Contaminaci\u00f3n y corrosi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p>Polvo industrial\/niebla salina costera: Estas sustancias se adhieren a las superficies de los casquillos y forman v\u00edas conductoras en condiciones de humedad, lo que provoca descargas por descarga de salto en los casquillos y da\u00f1a el aislamiento. La niebla salina tambi\u00e9n corroe las carcasas met\u00e1licas de los dep\u00f3sitos de aceite y los radiadores, lo que provoca fugas.<\/p><p>Corrosi\u00f3n qu\u00edmica: Si hay plantas qu\u00edmicas o f\u00e1bricas de impresi\u00f3n y te\u00f1ido cerca del transformador, los gases \u00e1cidos y alcalinos (por ejemplo, SO\u2082, Cl\u2082) presentes en el aire corroer\u00e1n los materiales aislantes y los componentes met\u00e1licos, acortando su vida \u00fatil.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Humedad y humedad ambiental<\/strong><\/p><p>En entornos con elevada humedad (por ejemplo, humedad relativa &gt; 85% durante la temporada de lluvias de ciruela en el sur de China), la humedad penetra en el interior de los equipos a trav\u00e9s de las rendijas de las juntas de estanqueidad, lo que reduce la tensi\u00f3n de ruptura del aceite aislante (la tensi\u00f3n de ruptura disminuye aproximadamente 5 kV por cada aumento de 10 ppm en el contenido de humedad) y acelera la oxidaci\u00f3n del n\u00facleo de hierro y de los devanados.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Desastres naturales e impacto externo<\/strong><\/p><p>Descargas de rayos: Los pararrayos insuficientes o defectuosos permiten que la sobretensi\u00f3n provocada por los rayos da\u00f1e el aislamiento de los devanados, lo que provoca cortocircuitos entre espiras o entre fases.<\/p><p>Terremotos y colisiones externas: Estos fen\u00f3menos provocan el desplazamiento del n\u00facleo de hierro y la deformaci\u00f3n de los devanados, lo que da\u00f1a la estructura aislante. Aunque no se produzca un fallo inmediato, quedan riesgos ocultos que aceleran la p\u00e9rdida de vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 7. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se deben mantener los transformadores para maximizar la vida \u00fatil de los transformadores de aleaci\u00f3n amorfa sumergidos en aceite OLTC de Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09a50ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09a50ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9d6bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9d6bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para maximizar la vida \u00fatil de los transformadores con conmutador de tomas en carga (OLTC), es necesario adoptar un enfoque doble basado en el \u201ccontrol innato + gesti\u00f3n adquirida\u201d:<\/p><p>\u2460<strong>Fase de selecci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Da prioridad a los equipos de alta calidad con contactos OLTC fabricados en aleaci\u00f3n de plata, una clase de aislamiento elevada (por ejemplo, clase A o superior) y un excelente rendimiento de estanqueidad.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>Fase de la operaci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Mantenga el factor de carga dentro del intervalo de 80%~100% del valor nominal, evite los cambios frecuentes de toma y supervise y suprime los arm\u00f3nicos del sistema.<\/p><p>\u2462<strong>Fase de mantenimiento:<\/strong> Realizar inspecciones peri\u00f3dicas (de conformidad con la norma DL\/T 574-2010) sobre la calidad del aceite, llevar a cabo la revisi\u00f3n general del OLTC, limpiar el sistema de refrigeraci\u00f3n y garantizar que se realicen todas las pruebas preventivas.<\/p><p>\u2463<strong>Control medioambiental:<\/strong> En entornos contaminados o con elevada humedad, instale recubrimientos anticontaminaci\u00f3n contra descargas el\u00e9ctricas en los pasacables y cubiertas a prueba de humedad para los equipos, y mejore el sistema de protecci\u00f3n contra rayos y de puesta a tierra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 8. \u00bfQu\u00e9 aspectos de los transformadores OLTC de Kete, sumergidos en aceite, se pueden personalizar? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8387c87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8387c87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e6122e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e6122e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Como elemento central del cambio de tomas en carga, la personalizaci\u00f3n de los par\u00e1metros de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n, los modos y la l\u00f3gica de control de la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n se ajusta directamente a los requisitos de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n de las redes el\u00e9ctricas y constituye la l\u00ednea de actuaci\u00f3n clave para la personalizaci\u00f3n:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Par\u00e1metros y modos de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Rango de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n: <\/strong>Adaptado al rango de fluctuaci\u00f3n de la red el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Velocidad de regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n:<\/strong> Para situaciones en las que se requiere una regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n de alta frecuencia (como en las centrales fotovoltaicas o e\u00f3licas), se adapta un \u201cmodo de conmutaci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida\u201d (tiempo de conmutaci\u00f3n \u2264 0,5 s); para las redes el\u00e9ctricas convencionales, se utiliza un \u201cmodo de conmutaci\u00f3n estable\u201d.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Tipo de cambiador de tomas:<\/strong> Se eligen en funci\u00f3n de los requisitos de capacidad y fiabilidad: \u201ctipo resistivo\u201d (adecuado para una regulaci\u00f3n frecuente de la tensi\u00f3n con bajo impacto) o \u201ctipo reactivo\u201d (adecuado para alta capacidad y alta tensi\u00f3n, como los transformadores principales de 220 kV y superiores).<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>L\u00f3gica de control de la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Regulaci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica de la tensi\u00f3n:<\/strong> Personalizado con \u201cactivaci\u00f3n por umbral de tensi\u00f3n\u201d (por ejemplo, aumento autom\u00e1tico de la tensi\u00f3n cuando esta es inferior a 10 kV) y \u201cregulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de la carga\u201d (ajuste din\u00e1mico basado en la corriente de carga para evitar sobrecargas);<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>L\u00f3gica de protecci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Incluye la \u201cbloqueo de posici\u00f3n de derivaci\u00f3n\u201d (que impide la regulaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n en caso de sobrecalentamiento o cortocircuito) y la \u201cautorrecuperaci\u00f3n en caso de fallo\u201d (reversi\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica a un nivel de seguridad tras un fallo de conmutaci\u00f3n).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ff856d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ff856d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2161.<\/strong><strong>Mantenimiento posventa<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35cf19d elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"35cf19d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Acorde\u00f3n. Abre los enlaces con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralos con la tecla Esc y navega con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. \u00bfQu\u00e9 incluye la cobertura de la garant\u00eda de Kete durante el periodo de garant\u00eda? \u00bfY qui\u00e9n corre con los gastos? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db37d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8db37d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87480e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87480e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La cobertura de la garant\u00eda de nuestra empresa incluye fallos de funcionamiento causados por defectos de material o problemas en el proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n, tales como fugas de agua en la carcasa, fallos en el aislamiento, funcionamiento an\u00f3malo de los interruptores, etc.<\/p><p>Proporcionamos piezas de recambio para el mantenimiento de forma gratuita y, en caso necesario, enviaremos personal t\u00e9cnico para realizar inspecciones y reparaciones in situ; los gastos de desplazamiento correr\u00e1n a cargo del proveedor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. \u00bfProporcionar\u00e1 Kete documentos con instrucciones para la instalaci\u00f3n? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40cd7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f40cd7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f33eab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f33eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En el caso de los transformadores de gran tama\u00f1o que requieran la retirada de algunos accesorios para poder colocarlos en los contenedores, proporcionaremos un v\u00eddeo de instalaci\u00f3n y una versi\u00f3n electr\u00f3nica de las instrucciones de instalaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. Si es necesario realizar un mantenimiento y se compran piezas de recambio a Kete, \u00bfcu\u00e1nto tardar\u00e1n en llegar dichas piezas? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a349b2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a349b2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7480d7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7480d7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Si el cliente necesita adquirir piezas de recambio de nuestra empresa, la mercanc\u00eda suele enviarse en un plazo de entre 2 y 7 d\u00edas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se gestionan las solicitudes de mantenimiento de emergencia y cu\u00e1l es el tiempo de respuesta habitual? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05bb81a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05bb81a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e882a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e882a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u00ednea de asistencia t\u00e9cnica disponible las 24 horas del d\u00eda, los 7 d\u00edas de la semana, que garantiza un tiempo de resoluci\u00f3n de aver\u00edas de \u2264 2 horas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. \u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de asistencia posventa puede ofrecer Kete, incluidos los servicios de resoluci\u00f3n de problemas y mantenimiento? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d9ad48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d9ad48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8572058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8572058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Durante el periodo de garant\u00eda, se realizar\u00e1n visitas peri\u00f3dicas (una vez cada tres meses) para comprobar el estado de funcionamiento y ofrecer recomendaciones de mantenimiento.<\/p><p>Una vez finalizado el periodo de garant\u00eda, se pueden ofrecer servicios de mantenimiento de por vida a precio de coste, as\u00ed como el suministro de piezas de recambio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. \u00bfOfrece Kete opciones de contratos de servicio o de ampliaci\u00f3n de la garant\u00eda? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fee700e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fee700e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f8b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26f8b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00ed, podemos. Por lo general, el periodo de garant\u00eda de nuestros productos es de un a\u00f1o. Si se requiere una ampliaci\u00f3n del periodo de garant\u00eda, aumentaremos el precio en funci\u00f3n de un margen de beneficio determinado, bas\u00e1ndonos en el precio actual.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-685f6bb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"685f6bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2162.<\/strong><strong>Env\u00edo y pago<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-400c4e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"400c4e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Acorde\u00f3n. Abre los enlaces con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralos con la tecla Esc y navega con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el plazo de fabricaci\u00f3n y entrega de los transformadores en aceite de Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a21e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13a21e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9edb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9edb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En t\u00e9rminos generales, si el cliente proporciona planos de dise\u00f1o detallados y los requisitos t\u00e9cnicos, los transformadores de menos de 2500 kVA pueden fabricarse en unos 20 d\u00edas; los transformadores de m\u00e1s de 2500 kVA suelen tardar entre 30 y 40 d\u00edas. El plazo de entrega concreto depende de la complejidad del transformador.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6711\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6711\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el embalaje de los transformadores de aleaci\u00f3n amorfa sumergidos en aceite de Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6711\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e3ee1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2e3ee1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563c289 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"563c289\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para la mercanc\u00eda a granel, utilizaremos cajas de madera como embalaje; para los contenedores completos, utilizaremos pal\u00e9s de madera para reforzar el embalaje.<\/p><p>Si dispone de una patente registrada legalmente, podemos embalar la mercanc\u00eda en cajas con su marca previa recepci\u00f3n de sus cartas de autorizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6712\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6712\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las condiciones de pago para los transformadores Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6712\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febed70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"febed70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-577268c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"577268c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2460 T\/T: 30% como anticipo y 70% antes de la entrega.<\/p><p>\u2461Letra de cr\u00e9dito a la vista<\/p><p>\u2462DP a la vista<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las condiciones de entrega para el env\u00edo a granel de transformadores Kete? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84549c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84549c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb70847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb70847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF u otras condiciones de entrega solicitadas por los clientes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ce24e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40ce24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u2163.<\/strong><strong>Sistemas y certificaciones<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee0114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"dee0114\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Acorde\u00f3n. Abre los enlaces con la tecla Intro o la barra espaciadora, ci\u00e9rralos con la tecla Esc y navega con las teclas de flecha.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. \u00bfCumple el dise\u00f1o de los transformadores OLTC de Kete, sumergidos en aceite, con las normas y certificaciones espec\u00edficas del sector? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1641554 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1641554\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9d5aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9d5aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los transformadores de aceite Kete cumplen con diversas normas internacionales, normas nacionales y los principales sistemas de certificaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Normas generales: IEC 60076, GB 1094<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Sistemas clave de certificaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaciones chinas:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n CCC, Certificaci\u00f3n del sistema ISO<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaci\u00f3n de la UE:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n CE<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaci\u00f3n de EE. UU.:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n UL<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaci\u00f3n canadiense:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n GSA<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaci\u00f3n rusa:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n GOST<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Certificaci\u00f3n africana:<\/strong> Certificaci\u00f3n COC<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un transformador con conmutador de tomas en carga es un transformador de potencia equipado con un conmutador de tomas en carga, que permite ajustar las posiciones de las tomas en condiciones de carga para mantener la estabilidad de la tensi\u00f3n de salida.<\/p>\n<p>El transformador OLTC de Kete, sumergido en aceite, cumple con las normas GB1094 y GB\/T6451. Gracias a la mejora de los materiales, los procesos, las estructuras y otros aspectos, su rendimiento el\u00e9ctrico ha alcanzado un nivel avanzado en el sector a escala mundial.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5745,"template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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SC(B)13 epoxy resin cast dry-type transformer can be used as an upgraded product of oil-immersed distribution transformer."],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["3"],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["product-post"],"_elementor_version":["3.31.1"],"_elementor_pro_version":["3.31.0"],"_astra_content_layout_flag":["disabled"],"site-post-title":["disabled"],"ast-title-bar-display":["disabled"],"ast-featured-img":["disabled"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"11e38e9\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3df9cea\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"widgetType\":\"nested-tabs\",\"settings\":{\"tabs\":[{\"tab_title\":\"Brief introduction\",\"_id\":\"28ed36e\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Feature\",\"_id\":\"44a77a3\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Structure\",\"_id\":\"4e5d404\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Specification\",\"_id\":\"04585e4\"},{\"tab_title\":\"Diagram\",\"_id\":\"ebc3184\"},{\"tab_title\":\"FAQ\",\"_id\":\"0b0e7cd\"}],\"tabs_title_background_color_background\":\"classic\",\"tabs_title_background_color_hover_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"title_text_color\":\"#000000\",\"__globals__\":{\"title_text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=text\",\"tabs_title_background_color_hover_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"tabs_title_background_color_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=556a01c\",\"tabs_title_background_color_active_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"title_typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d5375a8\"},\"tabs_justify_horizontal\":\"start\",\"tabs_title_space_between_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_space_between_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_spacing_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"tabs_title_spacing_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"em\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":97,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"63d4ba4\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"flex_direction\":\"column\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"76c97e8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Brief introduction\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"40fb5fa\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2160<\\\/strong><strong>.Brief introduction<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Standards:<\\\/strong> IEC 60076, GB\\\/T 1094, GB\\\/T 25446-2010<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Power Rating:<\\\/strong> 200KVA-2500 kVA<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>Primary Voltage:<\\\/strong> 35KV<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>Secondary Voltage:<\\\/strong> 0.4 kV or as required<\\\/p><p><strong>5.Voltage regulation mode:<\\\/strong> On-load tap-changing<\\\/p><p><strong>6.Frequency:<\\\/strong> 50HZ or 60HZ<\\\/p><p><strong>7.<\\\/strong><strong>Type:<\\\/strong> 3 Phase Electric Power Transformer<\\\/p><p><strong>8.<\\\/strong><strong>Connection Type:<\\\/strong> Dyn11, Yyn0, or per client specification<\\\/p><p><strong>9.insulation grade\\uff1a<\\\/strong>A<\\\/p><p><strong>10.Cooling method: <\\\/strong>ONAN<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2161<\\\/strong><strong>.Working conditions<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Ambient Temperature:<\\\/strong> No more than +40\\u2103 No less than -25\\u2103, The monthly average temperature is no more than +30\\u2103, The yearly average temperature is no more than +20\\u2103<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Altitude:<\\\/strong> No more than 1000m.<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>Relative air humidity:<\\\/strong>\\u226490%<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>installation site:<\\\/strong> Clean and stable environment, compliance with safe distance requirements, sufficient heat dissipation and ventilation<\\\/p><p><strong>5.Scope of application:<\\\/strong> On-load tap-changing transformers are widely used in fields such as power transmission, distribution systems, and renewable energy. In long-distance power transmission, they can adjust voltage to ensure power stability; in urban or industrial power distribution networks, they can automatically regulate voltage according to load changes; when renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy are connected to the power grid, they can quickly respond to grid changes and guarantee the stable supply of electricity.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2162.<\\\/strong><strong>The tests for on-load tap-changing transformer<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Factory Tests (Basic Verification During Manufacturing)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Factory tests are mandatory tests that must be completed before the transformer leaves the factory. They are used to ensure that the product meets design standards and technical agreements, mainly including:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460Insulation tests: Insulation resistance measurement, dielectric loss factor (tan\\u03b4)<\\\/p><p>\\u2461measurement, applied voltage withstand test, induced voltage withstand test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462Winding DC resistance measurement.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463Transformation ratio test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464Connection group test.<\\\/p><p>Special tests for on-load tap-changers: Mechanical operation test, transition resistance measurement, switching time measurement.<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Type Tests (Comprehensive Performance Assessment for New Products or Major Improvements)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460Temperature rise test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461Short-circuit withstand capability test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462Lightning impulse test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463Operating impulse test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464Sound level measurement.<\\\/p><p>\\u2465Zero-sequence impedance measurement.<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>On-Site Handover Tests (Verification Before Commissioning After Installation)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460Inspection of appearance and accessories.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461Insulation test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462On-site operation test of on-load tap-changer.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463Oil quality test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464Cooling system test.<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>Preventive Tests (Regular Maintenance and Detection During Operation)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>\\u2460Insulating oil test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461Measurement of winding insulation resistance and dielectric loss.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462Condition detection of on-load tap-changer.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463Mechanical characteristic test.<\\\/p><p>\\u2464Contact wear inspection.<\\\/p><p>\\u2465Core grounding current measurement.<\\\/p><p>\\u2466Infrared thermal imaging detection.<\\\/p><p>The special tests for on-load tap-changers (mechanical operation, transition resistance, switching characteristics) are the core test contents that distinguish them from ordinary transformers.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2163<\\\/strong><strong>.On-load tap-changing transformer component inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>On-load transformers (transformers with tap changers) are key equipment in power systems. Their component inspection must cover two core parts: the transformer itself and the on-load tap changer (OLTC), as well as inspections of auxiliary systems. The following is a detailed classification and explanation of component inspection contents:<\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Inspection of Core Components of the Transformer Body<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The transformer body is the core of electrical energy conversion, and key components such as insulation, iron core, windings, and oil tank need to be focused on:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Winding Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include DC resistance test, insulation resistance and absorption ratio \\\/ polarization index test, dielectric loss (tan\\u03b4) test, winding deformation test, partial discharge test<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Iron Core Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Indlude Iron core insulation resistance test and iron core grounding current test<\\\/p><p>The iron core is the core of the magnetic circuit, and multiple grounding or insulation damage must be prevented.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Oil Tank and Accessory Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include oil tank tightness inspection, oil conservator and oil level gauge inspection, bushing inspection<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Special Inspection of On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>OLTC is the core component of on-load transformers, responsible for regulating voltage under load. Its inspection is directly related to the safe operation of the equipment:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Mechanical Characteristic Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> include action sequence test, operating mechanism test, mechanical limit test<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Electrical Performance Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include contact resistance test, insulation resistance test, partial discharge test during switching, transition resistance test<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Oil Quality and Oil Chamber Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include OLTC insulation oil inspection and oil chamber tightness inspection<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2463<\\\/strong><strong>Control and Protection System Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include control circuit test and protection function test<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>Inspection of Insulation Oil and Cooling System<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Insulation Oil Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include routine physical and chemical indicators and dissolved Gas Analysis in Oil (DGA)<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Cooling System Inspection<\\\/strong><strong>:<\\\/strong> Include radiator\\\/cooler inspection, temperature control system test<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>Inspection of Other Auxiliary Components<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Pressure relief valve inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Gas relay (breather relay) inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Grounding system inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The component inspection of on-load transformers must integrate four dimensions: electrical performance, mechanical characteristics, insulation status, and oil quality analysis. Focus should be placed on core components such as windings, iron cores, and OLTC, while covering auxiliary systems such as cooling, control, and protection. Through regular inspections (such as preventive tests and online monitoring), potential faults can be detected in a timely manner, ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers.<\\\/p>\",\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"2e2154e\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #2\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0f27574\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Structural Features\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"f30b232\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2160.<\\\/strong><strong>Product features<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>An on-load transformer (i.e., on-load tap-changing transformer) is a type of transformer capable of adjusting output voltage while operating under load. Its core feature revolves around \\\"voltage regulation without power interruption,\\\" combining the basic energy transfer function of a transformer with dynamic voltage adjustment capability.<\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Core Functional Characteristics:<\\\/strong> Dynamic Voltage Regulation Under Load<\\\/p><p>This is the fundamental difference between on-load transformers and ordinary off-load tap-changing transformers, specifically manifested as:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Continuity and Flexibility of Voltage Regulation<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils can be changed via the operating mechanism without disconnecting the load, enabling smooth adjustment of output voltage.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Uninterrupted Energy Transfer<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>During voltage regulation, the transfer of current between different tap positions is achieved through the switching device of the on-load tap changer (e.g., transition resistors, reactors), ensuring continuous current flow in the primary and secondary coils and uninterrupted power supply to the load.<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Structural Design Characteristics:<\\\/strong> Special Tap Changers and Protection Mechanisms<\\\/p><p>The core additional structure of an on-load transformer is the on-load tap changer, whose design directly affects the transformer\\u2019s reliability:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Dual-Group Structure of On-Load Tap Changers<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Tap changers typically consist of two parts: a selector switch and a diverter switch. The selector switch pre-selects the target tap position, while the diverter switch completes the current transfer from the current tap to the target tap under load. This dual-group structure reduces arcing and energy loss during switching.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Transition Circuit and Arc-Quenching Design<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>During switching, transition resistors or reactors are connected to the circuit to limit short-circuit current and switching overvoltage. Meanwhile, vacuum interrupters or oil-immersed arc-quenching structures are used to quickly extinguish arcs generated during switching, preventing contact burnout and extending the switch\\u2019s service life.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Mechanical and Electrical Protection Devices<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Equipped with mechanical limiters, electrical interlocks (e.g., to prevent misoperation under load), overload protection, and gas protection (for oil-immersed types). In case of tap changer jamming, overload, or insulation failure, these devices automatically cut off the operating power and issue an alarm to ensure safe operation.<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>Operational Performance Characteristics:<\\\/strong> Efficiency, Stability, and Response Speed.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Efficiency and Loss Characteristics<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>During normal operation, its efficiency is comparable to ordinary transformers (95%~99% or higher). However, the tap changer switching process generates minor additional losses (e.g., transition resistor loss, arc loss). These losses are negligible for overall efficiency due to their extremely short duration (millisecond level).<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>High Voltage Regulation Precision<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>It can stably output voltage across the load range (from no-load to rated load) with a regulation precision typically reaching \\u00b10.5%~\\u00b11%, meeting the high voltage stability requirements of precision equipment and industrial production lines.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Fast Dynamic Response<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The tap changer operates quickly (usually completing switching within seconds after receiving a voltage regulation command), enabling rapid response to grid voltage fluctuations (e.g., sudden load changes, line voltage drop variations) and preventing excessive voltage deviations from damaging equipment.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2463<\\\/strong><strong>Short-Circuit and Overload Withstand Capacity<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The main body is designed to withstand short circuits like ordinary transformers. The tap changer must pass short-circuit current tests to ensure it remains undamaged during sudden short circuits. It also has a certain overload capacity (e.g., short-term overload of 1.2~1.5 times the rated current) to adapt to grid load fluctuations.<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>Application Scenario Characteristics:<\\\/strong> Adapting to Grid and Load Requirements<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Grid Voltage Regulation and Stabilization<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Widely used in transmission and distribution links of power systems: At the transmission end, it compensates for line voltage drops to ensure qualified voltage at the end of long-distance transmission. At the distribution end, it adjusts voltage according to user-side load changes (e.g., peak-valley load differences) to prevent overvoltage or undervoltage.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Adaptation to Industrial and Special Loads<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Suitable for voltage-sensitive industrial loads (e.g., precision machine tools, electronic production lines, large motor startups), ensuring stable equipment operation through dynamic voltage regulation. It is also used in new energy power generation systems (e.g., wind, photovoltaic) to compensate for voltage fluctuations during grid connection and improve grid compatibility.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Maintenance and Lifespan Characteristics<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The tap changer is a vulnerable component requiring regular maintenance (e.g., cleaning contacts, replacing insulating oil, inspecting transition resistors), with a maintenance cycle typically of 1~3 years and higher maintenance costs than ordinary transformers. However, its overall service life is comparable to ordinary transformers (20~30 years), and proper maintenance can extend its operational cycle.<\\\/p><p>The core characteristics of on-load transformers can be summarized as: on-load voltage regulation without interruption, precise regulation with fast response, complex structure requiring maintenance, and adaptation to grids and sensitive loads. Through the special design of tap changers, they achieve the core function of \\\"voltage regulation without power interruption,\\\" serving as key equipment for voltage stability control in power systems and power supply for complex loads. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the reliability of tap changers.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2161.<\\\/strong><strong>Product <\\\/strong><strong>Advantages<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The core advantage of on-load transformers lies in addressing the pain point of traditional off-load transformers, which require power outage during voltage regulation. Here are their main advantages:<\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Ensuring Power Supply Continuity and Improving Reliability<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Voltage regulation without power outage:<\\\/strong> Unlike traditional off-load transformers, which require disconnecting loads and cutting off power supply when adjusting voltage, on-load transformers can switch tap positions during load operation through the special design of on-load tap changers (such as transition resistors and vacuum arc-extinguishing structures), avoiding power outage accidents caused by voltage regulation.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Reducing losses from power interruptions:<\\\/strong> For places with extremely high requirements for power supply continuity, such as hospitals, data centers, and precision manufacturing industries, on-load transformers effectively reduce economic losses, equipment damage, or safety risks caused by power outages.<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Precise and Stable Voltage, Optimizing Power Quality<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Dynamic voltage regulation:<\\\/strong> In power systems, grid voltage may deviate from the rated value due to load fluctuations (e.g., peak\\\/valley electricity consumption), changes in line losses, or instability of new energy generation (wind power, photovoltaic). On-load transformers can quickly adjust tap positions based on real-time voltage monitoring data (switching time is usually within a few seconds) to stabilize the output voltage within the allowable range (general error \\u2264 \\u00b12.5%).<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Adapting to complex load scenarios:<\\\/strong> In industrial production, voltage fluctuations caused by impact loads such as large motor startups and welding machine operations can be timely regulated by on-load transformers, ensuring normal equipment operation and reducing product quality issues or equipment failures caused by voltage instability.<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>Improving Grid Operation Efficiency and Economy<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Reducing line losses:<\\\/strong> When the voltage at the end of the grid is low, line current increases, leading to higher losses (losses are proportional to the square of current). By increasing the output voltage, on-load transformers reduce line current, decrease active power losses, and improve grid transmission efficiency.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Extending equipment lifespan:<\\\/strong> A stable voltage environment reduces insulation aging and mechanical wear of electrical equipment (e.g., motors, transformers, capacitors), extending their service life and lowering maintenance costs and replacement frequency.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Adapting to new energy grid-connection needs:<\\\/strong> New energy generation such as wind and photovoltaic power has volatility and intermittency, which can cause voltage fluctuations at grid-connection nodes. On-load transformers dynamically regulate voltage to ensure stable integration of new energy power into the grid and improve new energy absorption capacity.<\\\/p><p><strong>4.<\\\/strong><strong>Enhancing Grid Flexibility and Regulation Capability<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Flexibly responding to load changes:<\\\/strong> With urban development and industrial upgrading, the growth rate and distribution characteristics of power loads continue to change. On-load transformers can adapt to load demands in different regions and time periods through voltage regulation, optimize grid power distribution, and avoid overload or light-load operation of local grids.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Supporting grid interconnection and upgrading:<\\\/strong> In multi-grid interconnection, old grid transformation, or smart grid construction, the dynamic voltage regulation function of on-load transformers improves grid coordination and compatibility, simplifies grid dispatching \\u96be\\u5ea6\\uff0cand enhances system stability.<\\\/p><p><strong>5.<\\\/strong><strong>Wide Application Scenarios and Strong Practicability<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>On-load transformers are not only applicable to high-voltage transmission networks and medium-voltage distribution systems but also to scenarios such as industrial enterprise self-owned power stations, rail transit power supply systems, and high-rise building distribution. Their voltage regulation range is usually wide (with multiple tap positions, such as \\u00b13\\u00d72.5%, \\u00b15\\u00d71.25%, etc.), which can meet the needs of different voltage levels and regulation accuracies, making them highly versatile and practical.<\\\/p><p>Through core advantages such as non-outage voltage regulation, precise voltage stabilization, loss reduction and efficiency improvement, and flexible regulation, on-load transformers significantly enhance the reliability, economy, and flexibility of power systems. They are indispensable key equipment in modern power networks, and their role becomes increasingly important especially in the context of growing demands for new energy grid-connection, smart grid construction, and high-quality power supply.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"764f307\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9872304\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Product structure\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"b1b2cc5\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>The core components of oil-immersed transformers include the iron core, windings, and oil tank. The manufacturing precision of these three components directly affects the performance of the transformer.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"5474a64\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"24a71fc\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2160.<\\\/strong><strong>Core Component Manufacturing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Iron Core Manufacturing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Silicon steel sheet cutting, iron core lamination, curing, and shaping.<\\\/p><p><strong>2.<\\\/strong><strong>Winding Manufacturing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Conductor processing, winding, and insulation treatment.<\\\/p><p><strong>3.<\\\/strong><strong>On-Load Tap-Changer Manufacturing<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Processing of key components, assembly and debugging, insulation and sealing.<\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":70,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"},\"_element_custom_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"4144565\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"content_width\":\"full\",\"width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":30,\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4d5efec\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ketetransformer.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px-1.webp\",\"id\":4677,\"size\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"},\"width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":30,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":true}],\"isInner\":true},{\"id\":\"316f71b\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"flex_direction_mobile\":\"row-reverse\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"5a64ba5\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ketetransformer.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px2.webp\",\"id\":4678,\"size\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"},\"width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":40,\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_custom_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"},{\"id\":\"415ab2d\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2161.<\\\/strong><strong>Final Assembly<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Assembly of the transformer body<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>2.Assembly of <\\\/strong><strong>overall drying<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>3.A<\\\/strong><strong>ssembly of the oil tank.<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":70,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"},\"_element_custom_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true},{\"id\":\"3a0ed7f\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"8c7e7b3\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2162.<\\\/strong><strong>Oil Filling and Vacuum Treatment<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Vacuum oil filling,<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>2.H<\\\/strong><strong>ot oil circulation.<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":70,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"},\"_element_custom_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"e8418c8\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"content_width\":\"full\",\"width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":30,\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"6b4fa40\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ketetransformer.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px3.webp\",\"id\":4679,\"size\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"},\"width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":30,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":true}],\"isInner\":true},{\"id\":\"db9ebd4\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"flex_direction\":\"row\",\"flex_align_items\":\"center\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"flex_direction_mobile\":\"row-reverse\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0c75ed8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ketetransformer.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/10kV_35KV_SZ11_On-load_Tap-changing_Distribution_Transformer1_WH_1000x1000px4.webp\",\"id\":4680,\"size\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"},\"width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":40,\"sizes\":[]},\"_element_custom_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":100,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"},{\"id\":\"61c2596\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2163.<\\\/strong><strong>Testing and Inspection<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>1.<\\\/strong><strong>Routine tests<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>2.S<\\\/strong><strong>pecial inspection of on-load tap-changers<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>3.O<\\\/strong><strong>verall performance 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#1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"bc231a0\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"html\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true}]},{\"id\":\"4963224\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"html\":\"<style type=\\\"text\\\/css\\\">\\r\\n.table-responsive {\\r\\n  width: 100%;\\r\\n  overflow-x: auto; \\\/* \\u5c0f\\u5c4f\\u5e55\\u53ef\\u6a2a\\u5411\\u6eda\\u52a8 *\\\/\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\\\/* \\u8868\\u683c\\u57fa\\u7840\\u6837\\u5f0f *\\\/\\r\\n.tg  {\\r\\n  border-collapse: collapse;\\r\\n  border-spacing: 0;\\r\\n  min-width: 800px; \\\/* \\u9632\\u6b62\\u8868\\u683c\\u88ab\\u538b\\u7f29\\u5f97\\u592a\\u5c0f *\\\/\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n.tg td, .tg th {\\r\\n  border-color: black;\\r\\n  border-style: solid;\\r\\n  border-width: 1px;\\r\\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\\r\\n  font-size: 14px;\\r\\n  overflow: hidden;\\r\\n  padding: 10px 5px;\\r\\n  text-align: center;\\r\\n  vertical-align: top;\\r\\n  word-break: normal;\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n.tg th {\\r\\n  font-weight: normal;\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n.tg .tg-4fhu {\\r\\n  background-color: #FFF;\\r\\n  color: #212529;\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\\\/* \\u5e73\\u677f\\u9002\\u914d *\\\/\\r\\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\\r\\n  .tg td, .tg th {\\r\\n    font-size: 13px;\\r\\n    padding: 8px 4px;\\r\\n  }\\r\\n}\\r\\n\\r\\n\\\/* \\u624b\\u673a\\u9002\\u914d *\\\/\\r\\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\\r\\n  .tg td, .tg th {\\r\\n    font-size: 12px;\\r\\n    padding: 6px 3px;\\r\\n  }\\r\\n}\\r\\n<\\\/style>\\r\\n\\r\\n<div class=\\\"table-responsive\\\">\\r\\n<table class=\\\"tg\\\">\\r\\n<thead>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n<style type=\\\"text\\\/css\\\">\\r\\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\\r\\n.tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\\r\\n  overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\\r\\n.tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;\\r\\n  font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;}\\r\\n.tg .tg-wa1i{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\\r\\n.tg .tg-nrix{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\\r\\n<\\\/style>\\r\\n<table class=\\\"tg\\\"><thead>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">Rated Capacity<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">H.V.<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">L.V.<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">Connection Symbol<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\">No-load loss(kw)<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\">On-load loss(kw)<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">Short circuit impedance<\\\/th>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S13<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S13<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr><\\\/thead>\\r\\n<tbody>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">50<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">35<br><br><br><br>38.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">0.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">Dyn11<br><br><br><br>Yyn0<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.112<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.20\\\/1.14<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.20\\\/1.14<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">6.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">100<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.23<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.161<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.01\\\/1.91<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.01\\\/1.91<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">125<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.27<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.189<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.37\\\/2.26<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.37\\\/2.26<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">160<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.28<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.196<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.82\\\/2.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.82\\\/2.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">200<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.34<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.238<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.32\\\/3.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.32\\\/3.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">250<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.28<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.95\\\/3.76<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.95\\\/3.76<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">315<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.48<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.336<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">4.75\\\/4.53<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">4.75\\\/4.53<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">400<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.406<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">5.74\\\/5.47<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">5.74\\\/5.47<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">500<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.476<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">6.91\\\/6.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">6.91\\\/6.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">630<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.83<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.581<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">7.86<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">7.86<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">800<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.98<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.686<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">9.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">9.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1000<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.15<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.805<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">11.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">11.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1250<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.98<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">13.9<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">13.9<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1600<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.69<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.183<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">16.6<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">16.6<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2000<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.99<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.393<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">19.7<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">19.7<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2500<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.36<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.652<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">23.2<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">23.2<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n<\\\/tbody><\\\/table>   \\r\\n<\\\/thead>\\r\\n<tbody>\\r\\n<\\\/tbody>\\r\\n<\\\/table>\\r\\n<\\\/div>\"},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"html\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"53e5531\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"border_radius\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"bd32b31\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"boxed_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_tablet\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"boxed_width_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":\"\",\"sizes\":[]},\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"9003e88\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ketetransformer.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/11-\\u6cb9\\u53d8\\u6709\\u8f7d-34.5-10-0.4.webp\",\"id\":4873,\"size\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":true}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"a681f0e\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"Tab #3\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"50\",\"right\":\"30\",\"bottom\":\"50\",\"left\":\"30\",\"isLinked\":false},\"border_border\":\"solid\",\"border_width\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"1\",\"right\":\"1\",\"bottom\":\"1\",\"left\":\"1\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"border_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=secondary\"},\"padding_mobile\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"10\",\"right\":\"10\",\"bottom\":\"10\",\"left\":\"10\",\"isLinked\":true}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"11bf213\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"     FAQs\",\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=204d764\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"},{\"id\":\"692e57a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2160.Basic Maintenance Service<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"020\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":65,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"d080af3\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"widgetType\":\"nested-accordion\",\"settings\":{\"items\":[{\"item_title\":\"1.What are the rated voltage and power of the Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformer?\",\"_id\":\"1d2b564\"},{\"item_title\":\"2.What type of cooling system does the Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformer use?\",\"_id\":\"6187cb3\"},{\"item_title\":\"3.How does the cooling system of the Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformer affect its performance under different climatic conditions\\uff1f\",\"_id\":\"9244a66\"},{\"item_title\":\"4.What is the main basis for choosing between ONAN and ONAF cooling methods for kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers?\",\"_id\":\"b474fe0\"},{\"item_title\":\"5.How long is the service life of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers? \",\"_id\":\"bab7d20\"},{\"item_title\":\"6.What are the factors that affect the service life of Kete OLTC oil-immersed transformers?\",\"_id\":\"a2a227a\"},{\"item_title\":\"7.How to maintain transformers to maximize the service life of Kete OLTC oil-immersed amorphous alloy transformers?\",\"_id\":\"668e117\"},{\"item_title\":\"8.What aspects of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers can be customized?\",\"_id\":\"c15e883\"}],\"accordion_item_title_icon\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-right\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"accordion_item_title_icon_active\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-down\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"default_state\":\"all_collapsed\",\"max_items_expended\":\"multiple\",\"accordion_item_title_space_between\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"accordion_background_normal_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"#F2F2F2\",\"accordion_background_hover_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"accordion_background_active_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"title_typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"title_typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"title_typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":14,\"sizes\":[]},\"title_typography_font_weight\":\"600\",\"hover_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"active_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"title_typography_typography\":\"\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"hover_title_color\":\"\",\"active_title_color\":\"\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=556a01c\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"05eeb49\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"d60b237\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Primary Voltage (High Voltage Side): <\\\/strong>Typically range from 1 kV to 66 kV, with common ratings like 6kV, 10 kV, 11KV, 20KV, 33 kV, 34.5KV, 35KV<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Secondary Voltage (Low Voltage Side): <\\\/strong>Common secondary voltage ratings include:<\\\/p><p>\\u00b7400 V (0.4 kV) for industrial and residential supply<\\\/p><p>\\u00b711 kV or 33 kV<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Customization: <\\\/strong>Transformers can be designed for specific applications. If you have specific power requirements or voltage needs, we can specially design and customize transformers to meet your demands.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"9b6bfdb\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3e23d10\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers mainly adopt two common cooling methods: ONAN and ONAF.<\\\/p><p>\\u2460<strong>Scope of Application of ONAN<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Transformers with small capacity<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Typical applicable capacity: Usually used for transformers of 10kV class with 500kVA and below, and 35kV class with 1000kVA and below.<\\\/p><p>Reason: Small-capacity transformers have low losses (small heat generation), and natural heat dissipation can meet the temperature rise requirements, with a simple structure and low cost.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Scenarios with loose installation environment<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Suitable for outdoor open spaces, well-ventilated indoor distribution rooms, or areas with low ambient temperatures.<\\\/p><p>If installed in enclosed spaces (such as basements), additional evaluation of heat dissipation conditions is required, and the cooling method may need to be upgraded.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Transformers with low load rate or intermittent operation<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>For transformers that are in a light load state for a long time (load rate &lt; 50%), the heat dissipation capacity of ONAN is sufficient, without wasting energy consumption from forced cooling.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461<strong>Scope of Application of ONAF<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Medium and large capacity transformers<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Typical applicable capacity: 10kV class with 800kVA and above, 35kV class with 1600kVA and above for small and medium-sized transformers.<\\\/p><p>Reason: Medium and large-capacity transformers have high losses (large copper loss and iron loss), and natural heat dissipation cannot meet the temperature rise limit, so fans are needed to assist in enhancing heat dissipation.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Transformers with high load rate or continuous operation<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Suitable for scenarios with long-term full-load operation or large load fluctuations (needing to cope with short-term overload), such as main transformers in industrial plants and hub transformers in urban distribution networks.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Environments with limited heat dissipation conditions<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If the transformer is installed in a poorly ventilated indoor environment or in areas with high ambient temperatures (such as tropical regions), ONAF can make up for the deficiency of natural heat dissipation through forced air cooling, avoiding excessive oil temperature that affects service life.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"eb6a4dc\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"5f1cf45\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>The impact of ONAN (Oil-Immersed Natural Air Cooling) and ONAF (Oil-Immersed Forced Air Cooling) cooling systems of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers on performance under different climatic conditions is as follows:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460<strong>Impact of High-Temperature Climate<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAN Cooling System:<\\\/strong> When the ambient temperature exceeds 40\\u00b0C, the heat dissipation efficiency of the ONAN cooling system decreases significantly, potentially dropping to approximately 60%. This is because high temperatures reduce the viscosity of the oil, weakening its fluidity and thus lowering the efficiency of natural convection heat dissipation. At this point, the winding temperature of the transformer rises rapidly, accelerating insulation aging. According to the Arrhenius law, the insulation life is halved for every 8\\u00b0C increase in temperature. Meanwhile, high temperatures cause a decrease in the magnetic permeability of silicon steel sheets and an increase in eddy current losses, reducing energy efficiency. The transformer may need to be derated; otherwise, there are risks of insulation damage and fire.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAF Cooling System:<\\\/strong> In high-temperature environments, the cooling effect of the fans in the ONAF cooling system diminishes. Although heat dissipation can be enhanced by adding auxiliary cooling equipment, the overall performance is still affected to a certain extent. However, compared to the ONAN cooling system, the ONAF system, with active heat dissipation by fans, achieves higher heat dissipation efficiency under the same high-temperature conditions. It can better control the transformer\\u2019s winding temperature and delay insulation aging.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461<strong>Impact of Low-Temperature Climate<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAN Cooling System:<\\\/strong> In low-temperature environments, such as temperatures below -30\\u00b0C, the viscosity of transformer oil increases sharply, leading to greater circulation resistance. This may cause heat dissipation to stagnate, or even result in oil solidification (the pour point of transformer oil is approximately -45\\u00b0C). In addition, dissolved water in the oil may turn into suspended ice crystals, increasing the risk of partial discharge. During cold startup, mechanical stress may cause welds or insulation to crack due to brittleness. Therefore, in extremely low temperatures, preheating to above 0\\u00b0C is required before commissioning.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAF Cooling System:<\\\/strong> In low-temperature environments, apart from the issue of increased oil viscosity similar to that of ONAN, the ONAF cooling system also faces the risk of fan icing. This can affect the normal operation of the fans and further impair heat dissipation efficiency.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462<strong>Impact of High-Humidity and Salt-Spray Climate<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAN Cooling System:<\\\/strong> In high-humidity environments with humidity exceeding 90%, the moisture content of insulation paper increases, causing the dielectric strength to decrease by approximately 30% and reducing the transformer\\u2019s insulation performance. In salt-spray environments, winding joints are corroded, increasing contact resistance and leading to local overheating, which affects the transformer\\u2019s normal operation and service life.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>ONAF Cooling System:<\\\/strong> High-humidity and salt-spray climates affect the ONAF cooling system similarly to ONAN, mainly causing insulation performance degradation and component corrosion. However, since the ONAF cooling system is equipped with rotating components such as fans, in high-humidity environments, additional attention must be paid to preventing issues such as moisture-induced short circuits in fan motors.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"8566f20\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"d6f876c\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>The choice between ONAN (Oil Natural Circulation and Air Natural Cooling) and ONAF (Oil Natural Circulation and Air Forced Cooling) cooling methods for Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers is corely based on the matching between the transformer's heat dissipation requirements and actual heat dissipation conditions. Specifically, it can be comprehensively judged from the following 5 key dimensions:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Transformer Rated Capacity and Heat Generation from Losses<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>This is the most fundamental basis. The heat generated by a transformer mainly comes from copper losses (load losses) and iron losses (no-load losses). The larger the capacity, the higher the losses and the stronger the heat dissipation demand:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Small-capacity transformers (low loss):<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>When the rated capacity is small (e.g., \\u2264500kVA for 10kV class, \\u22641000kVA for 35kV class), the heat generated by losses is small. Heat can be dissipated through the natural convection of transformer oil (hot oil rises, cold oil falls) and the natural convection between the casing\\\/radiator and air, without the need for additional cooling equipment. Therefore, ONAN is preferred.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Medium and large-capacity transformers (high loss):<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>When the capacity exceeds the above range (e.g., \\u2265800kVA for 10kV class, \\u22651600kVA for 35kV class), losses increase significantly, and the natural heat dissipation rate cannot match the heat generation. This may cause the oil temperature to exceed national standard limits (usually top oil temperature rise \\u226455K or 60K). In such cases, fans must be used to force air flow and accelerate heat dissipation, so ONAF is chosen.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461<strong>Operating Load Characteristics<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The actual load rate and operation mode of the transformer directly affect heat dissipation requirements:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Low load rate or intermittent operation:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If the transformer operates at light load for a long time (load rate &lt; 50%) or only runs during short-term peak periods (e.g., rural distribution transformers), even if its capacity is slightly larger, the actual heat generation is low. The natural heat dissipation capacity of ONAN can meet the demand, and there is no need to waste energy on fans. Thus, ONAN is selected.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>High load rate or continuous full-load operation:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>For transformers in industrial parks, urban core distribution networks, and other equipment that operate at full load for a long time or have large load fluctuations (needing to cope with short-term overload), heat generation remains high. ONAN cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements, so ONAF's forced air cooling via fans is necessary. Even during overload, fans can enhance heat dissipation capacity (usually supporting 10%-20% short-term overload). Hence, ONAF is chosen.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2462<\\\/strong><strong>Installation Environment and Heat Dissipation Conditions<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Environmental factors directly affect the efficiency of natural heat dissipation, and cooling methods need to be adjusted according to scenarios:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Well-ventilated and low-temperature environments:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If the transformer is installed in an open outdoor area, high-altitude regions (low air density but good ventilation), or cold areas, the efficiency of natural convection heat dissipation is high. Even if the capacity is close to the critical value, ONAN can be prioritized.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Poorly ventilated and high-temperature environments:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If installed in enclosed distribution rooms, basements, tropical regions, or industrial environments with heavy dust\\\/oil pollution, natural heat dissipation is hindered. Even with a slightly smaller capacity, oil temperature may rise excessively due to poor heat dissipation conditions. In such cases, upgrading to ONAF is necessary to compensate for environmental defects through forced air flow by fans.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463<strong>Cost and Maintenance Requirements<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>There are significant differences in initial costs and operation\\\/maintenance costs between the two cooling methods:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Advantages of ONAN:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>It has no fans or control circuits, resulting in a simpler structure. The initial procurement cost is low (5%-10% lower than ONAF of the same capacity), and there is no need for motor maintenance, making long-term operation and maintenance costs almost zero. It is suitable for scenarios sensitive to cost and with limited maintenance resources (e.g., rural power grids, small user transformers).<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Disadvantages and necessity of ONAF:<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>It requires additional configuration of fans, thermostats, and power circuits, leading to higher initial costs. Fan motors need regular inspection (dust cleaning, bearing lubrication), involving certain maintenance workload and energy consumption (fan power is usually tens to hundreds of watts). However, for medium and large-capacity transformers or those with insufficient heat dissipation conditions, these costs must be borne to ensure safe operation. Thus, ONAF is a \\\"necessary choice\\\" rather than a \\\"cost-priority choice.\\\"<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"},\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"3b6302b\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4da9555\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>According to international standards (such as IEC 60076), the design life of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers is usually calculated as 20 years. This is the expected service life under the ideal condition of \\\"normal operating conditions + regular maintenance\\\", which refers to the time it takes for core components (iron core, windings, insulating oil) to age to a critical state within the design parameters.<\\\/p><p>Practical industry reference range: In actual power grid or industrial applications, it is a dynamic indicator affected by multiple factors such as design standards, operating conditions, and maintenance levels. The service life of transformers can generally reach 20-40 years.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"d41fa9f\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"0fd938a\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>The service life of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) transformers is determined by the combined effects of multiple factors across design, operation, maintenance, and other stages. The core influencing factors can be categorized into four major types: equipment quality itself, operating conditions, maintenance management, and external environment.<\\\/p><p>\\u2460<strong>Equipment Quality Factors (Inherent Foundation of Service Life)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The design, materials, and manufacturing processes of the equipment at the factory directly determine its \\\"inherent upper limit of service life\\\". The core influencing components and associated issues are as follows:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Quality of the On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>The OLTC is the core component of an OLTC transformer (enabling voltage regulation under load), and its quality defects are the primary inherent factor leading to shortened service life:<\\\/p><p>Contact Material: If ordinary copper alloys are used instead of silver alloys\\\/copper-tungsten alloys (which offer high conductivity and wear resistance), the contact wear rate will accelerate, contact resistance will increase, and long-term overheating will cause ablation.<\\\/p><p>Insulation Structure: If there are bubbles or impurities in insulation cylinders or insulation oil channels, or if the temperature resistance level of insulation materials (e.g., epoxy resin) is insufficient (below the 105\\u00b0C standard for Class A insulation), breakdown is likely to occur during operation, triggering partial discharge.<\\\/p><p>Sealing Performance: If the machining accuracy of OLTC sealing surfaces (e.g., flanges, shaft seals) is insufficient, insulation oil leakage will occur, allowing moisture and impurities to enter and accelerating insulation aging.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Quality of Iron Core and Windings<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Iron Core Silicon Steel Sheets: Excessive gaps between stacked silicon steel sheets or damaged insulation coatings will increase iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), leading to long-term overheating of the iron core and accelerated aging of insulation paint.<\\\/p><p>Winding Conductors and Insulation: Uneven cross-sections or insufficiently soldered joints of conductors will result in excessively high local current density.<\\\/p><p>Insulation paper (e.g., cable paper, crepe paper) with low fiber density and poor aging resistance will quickly become brittle at high temperatures, shortening the insulation life of windings.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Quality of Insulation Oil<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If insulation oil is not subjected to strict degassing, dehydration, and impurity removal processes at the factory (e.g., excessive dielectric loss, breakdown voltage lower than 35kV\\\/2.5mm), the overall insulation performance will be directly reduced, creating hidden risks of partial discharge and winding breakdown during operation.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461<strong>Operating Condition Factors (Acquired Accelerators of Life Loss)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>If operating parameters such as load, voltage, and temperature exceed the design range, equipment aging will be significantly accelerated\\u2014making these the core acquired factors affecting service life:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Long-Term Overload Operation<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>When the load factor exceeds the rated value (e.g., long-term operation above 120%), the winding copper loss (P=I\\u00b2R) increases with the square of the current, causing a sharp rise in winding temperature:<\\\/p><p>If the winding temperature exceeds the 105\\u00b0C upper limit allowed for Class A insulation (with hot-spot temperatures even reaching 120\\u00b0C or higher), the degree of polymerization of insulation paper will decrease rapidly (by approximately 50\\u2013100 per year), potentially shortening the normal service life (20\\u201330 years) to less than 10 years.<\\\/p><p>Overload also increases the current through OLTC contacts, intensifying arc ablation and doubling contact wear.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Impact of Voltage Deviation and Harmonics<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Long-Term Overvoltage: If the system voltage is more than 5% higher than the rated value, the iron core magnetic flux density will saturate, increasing iron loss and causing iron core overheating. At the same time, the electric field strength borne by winding insulation will rise, accelerating insulation aging.<\\\/p><p>Harmonic Pollution: Harmonic currents (e.g., 3rd, 5th harmonics) increase additional winding losses and iron core losses, leading to local overheating. Meanwhile, harmonic voltages exacerbate the electrical aging of insulation (e.g., increased partial discharge).<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Tap-Changing Frequency and Method<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Frequent Tap-Changing: If tap-changing is performed more than 20 times per day, OLTC contacts will frequently connect\\\/disconnect current. Each operation generates an arc, accelerating contact wear (the normal service life of contacts is approximately 100,000 operations, which can be shortened to less than 30,000 operations with frequent use).<\\\/p><p>Load Fluctuations During Tap-Changing: Sudden load surges (e.g., motor startup) during tap-changing can cause poor contact between contacts, generating \\\"spark discharge\\\" and further damaging contacts and insulation.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Temperature and Temperature Difference Shock<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Excessively High Ambient Temperature: For outdoor transformers in summer, if the ambient temperature exceeds 40\\u00b0C, the top oil temperature of the transformer will rise (exceeding the allowable 85\\u00b0C), accelerating the oxidation rate of insulation oil (the oxidation rate doubles for every 10\\u00b0C increase in temperature) and worsening oil quality.<\\\/p><p>Excessive Day-Night Temperature Difference: In northern China during spring and autumn, if the day-night temperature difference exceeds 20\\u00b0C, thermal expansion and contraction of components such as the oil tank and bushings will occur, creating micro-gaps on sealing surfaces and causing insulation oil leakage and moisture intrusion.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462<strong>Maintenance Management Factors (Determining Whether Service Life Meets Standards)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Lack of scientific maintenance accelerates equipment deterioration and is a key human factor leading to shortened service life:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Inadequate Maintenance of Insulation Oil<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Infrequent Oil Quality Testing: Failure to test insulation oil properties (e.g., dielectric loss, breakdown voltage, moisture content) every 6 months in accordance with standards will result in undetected oil deterioration (e.g., increased acid value, sludge formation), leading to a continuous decline in insulation performance.<\\\/p><p>Delayed Oil Replacement\\\/ Filtration: When oil quality exceeds standard limits (e.g., moisture content &gt; 30ppm), failure to perform vacuum oil filtration or oil replacement will contaminate winding insulation with impurities in the oil, intensifying partial discharge.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Insufficient OLTC Maintenance<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Infrequent Contact Inspection: Failure to disassemble and inspect OLTC contact wear every 2\\u20133 years will allow contacts with excessive wear to continue operating, increasing contact resistance and causing long-term overheating and ablation.<\\\/p><p>Failure to Replace Arc-Quenching Medium: If arc-quenching chambers of the OLTC (e.g., vacuum arc-quenching chambers, oil-immersed arc-quenching chambers) are not replaced according to their service life (approximately 20 years for vacuum arc-quenching chambers), arc-quenching capacity will decrease. Arcs cannot be extinguished quickly during tap-changing, leading to contact ablation.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Untreated Cooling System Failures<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Radiator Blockage: Failure to regularly clean dust and oil stains from radiator surfaces (once per quarter) reduces heat dissipation efficiency, increasing the top oil temperature by 5\\u201310\\u00b0C and accelerating insulation aging.<\\\/p><p>Fan\\\/Oil Pump Malfunctions: For forced oil circulation air-cooled (OFAF) transformers, unprompted repairs of damaged fans or oil pumps result in loss of cooling capacity, causing a sudden rise in oil temperature in a short period and leading to insulation damage.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Lack of Preventive Tests<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Infrequent Insulation Tests: Failure to conduct winding DC resistance measurement, dielectric loss testing, and partial discharge detection every 1\\u20132 years leaves hidden risks (e.g., inter-turn short circuits, insulation breakdown) undetected, ultimately leading to failures.<\\\/p><p>Unmonitored Iron Core Grounding Current: If the iron core grounding current exceeds 100mA (normally should be &lt; 10mA) without treatment, local overheating of the iron core will occur, ablating the insulation paint.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463<strong>External Environment Factors (Catalysts for Accelerated Life Loss)<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Pollutants, natural disasters, and other elements in the external environment directly erode equipment, accelerating aging:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Contamination and Corrosion<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Industrial Dust\\\/Coastal Salt Spray: These substances adhere to bushing surfaces and form conductive paths in humid weather, causing bushing flashover discharge and damaging insulation. Salt spray also corrodes the metal casings of oil tanks and radiators, leading to leakage.<\\\/p><p>Chemical Corrosion: If there are chemical plants or printing and dyeing factories near the transformer, acidic and alkaline gases (e.g., SO\\u2082, Cl\\u2082) in the air will corrode insulation materials and metal components, shortening service life.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Moisture and Humidity<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>In high-humidity environments (e.g., relative humidity &gt; 85% during the plum rain season in southern China), moisture penetrates the equipment interior through sealing gaps, reducing the breakdown voltage of insulation oil (the breakdown voltage decreases by approximately 5kV for every 10ppm increase in moisture content) and accelerating rusting of the iron core and windings.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Natural Disasters and External Impact<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Lightning Strikes: Insufficient or faulty lightning arresters allow lightning overvoltage to break down winding insulation, causing inter-turn or phase-to-phase short circuits.<\\\/p><p>Earthquakes and External Collisions: These events cause iron core displacement and winding deformation, damaging the insulation structure. Even if no immediate failure occurs, hidden risks are left, accelerating life loss.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"09a50ce\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"f9d6bbd\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>To maximize the service life of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) transformers, a two-pronged approach of \\\"innate control + acquired management\\\" is required:<\\\/p><p>\\u2460<strong>Selection Stage:<\\\/strong> Prioritize high-quality equipment with OLTC contacts made of silver alloy, a high insulation class (e.g., Class A or above), and excellent sealing performance.<\\\/p><p>\\u2461<strong>Operation Stage:<\\\/strong> Control the load factor within 80%~100% of the rated value, avoid frequent tap changing, and monitor and suppress system harmonics.<\\\/p><p>\\u2462<strong>Maintenance Stage:<\\\/strong> Conduct regular inspections (in accordance with the DL\\\/T 574-2010 standard) on oil quality, overhaul the OLTC, clean the cooling system, and ensure full coverage of preventive tests.<\\\/p><p>\\u2463<strong>Environmental Control:<\\\/strong> In polluted\\\/high-humidity environments, install anti-pollution flashover coatings on bushings and moisture-proof covers for equipment, and improve the lightning protection and grounding system.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"},\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"8387c87\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"8e6122e\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>As the core of on-load tap changing, the customization of voltage regulation parameters, modes, and voltage regulation control logic directly aligns with the voltage regulation requirements of power grids, and serves as the key direction for customization:<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2460<\\\/strong><strong>Voltage Regulation Parameters and Modes<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Voltage Regulation Range: <\\\/strong>Customized according to the fluctuation range of the power grid.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Voltage Regulation Speed:<\\\/strong> For high-frequency voltage regulation scenarios (such as photovoltaic\\\/wind power plants), a \\\"fast switching mode\\\" is customized (switching time \\u2264 0.5s); for conventional power grids, a \\\"stable switching mode\\\" is used.<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Tap Changer Type:<\\\/strong> Selected based on capacity and reliability requirements: \\\"resistive type\\\" (suitable for frequent voltage regulation with low impact) or \\\"reactive type\\\" (suitable for high capacity and high voltage, such as main transformers of 220kV and above).<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u2461<\\\/strong><strong>Voltage Regulation Control Logic<\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Automatic Voltage Regulation:<\\\/strong> Customized with \\\"voltage threshold triggering\\\" (e.g., automatic voltage boosting when the voltage is lower than 10kV) and \\\"load-linked voltage regulation\\\" (dynamic adjustment based on load current to avoid overload);<\\\/p><p><strong>\\u00b7<\\\/strong><strong>Protection Logic:<\\\/strong> Added with \\\"tap position locking\\\" (prohibiting voltage regulation in case of over-temperature\\\/short circuit) and \\\"fault self-recovery\\\" (automatic rollback to a safe gear after switching failure).<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"},\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true}]},{\"id\":\"0ff856d\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p><strong>\\u2161.<\\\/strong><strong>After-sales maintenance<\\\/strong><\\\/p>\",\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"typography_line_height\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"020\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"_element_width\":\"initial\",\"_element_custom_width\":{\"unit\":\"%\",\"size\":65,\"sizes\":[]},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\",\"text_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=7268ef8\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"},{\"id\":\"35cf19d\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"widgetType\":\"nested-accordion\",\"settings\":{\"items\":[{\"item_title\":\"1.What is included in Kete's warranty coverage during the warranty period? And how are the costs borne?\",\"_id\":\"1d2b564\"},{\"item_title\":\"2.Will Kete provide guidance documents for installation?\",\"_id\":\"6187cb3\"},{\"item_title\":\"3.If maintenance is required and spare parts are purchased from Kete, how long will it take for the spare parts to arrive?\",\"_id\":\"9244a66\"},{\"item_title\":\"4.How to handle emergency maintenance requests, and what is the typical response time?\",\"_id\":\"b474fe0\"},{\"item_title\":\"5.What kind of after-sales support can Kete provide, including troubleshooting and maintenance services?\",\"_id\":\"bab7d20\"},{\"item_title\":\"6.Can Kete provide options for service contracts or extended warranty periods?\",\"_id\":\"a2a227a\"}],\"accordion_item_title_icon\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-right\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"accordion_item_title_icon_active\":{\"value\":\"fas fa-angle-down\",\"library\":\"fa-solid\"},\"default_state\":\"all_collapsed\",\"max_items_expended\":\"multiple\",\"accordion_item_title_space_between\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":10,\"sizes\":[]},\"accordion_background_normal_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"#F2F2F2\",\"accordion_background_hover_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"accordion_background_active_background\":\"classic\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"#0055AA\",\"title_typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"title_typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"title_typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":14,\"sizes\":[]},\"title_typography_font_weight\":\"600\",\"hover_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"active_title_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"title_typography_typography\":\"\",\"accordion_background_hover_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"hover_title_color\":\"\",\"active_title_color\":\"\",\"accordion_background_active_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=primary\",\"accordion_background_normal_color\":\"globals\\\/colors?id=556a01c\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"8db37d5\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"87480e7\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>Our company's warranty coverage includes performance failures caused by material defects or manufacturing process issues, such as cabinet water leakage, insulation failure, abnormal switch operation, etc.<\\\/p><p>We provide spare parts for maintenance free of charge, and will dispatch technical personnel for on-site inspection and repair if necessary, with travel expenses borne by the supplier.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"f40cd7f\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"2f33eab\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>For large transformers that require the removal of some accessories to fit into containers, we will provide an installation video and an electronic version of the installation instructions.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"a349b2f\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"7480d7f\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>If the customer needs to purchase spare parts from our company, the goods can generally be shipped within 2-7 days.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"05bb81a\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4e882a7\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>24\\\/7 technical support hotline, ensuring a fault time of \\u2264 2 hours.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"\"},\"typography_typography\":\"custom\",\"typography_font_family\":\"Arial\",\"typography_font_size\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":16,\"sizes\":[]},\"paragraph_spacing\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"size\":20,\"sizes\":[]}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"0d9ad48\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"8572058\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>During the warranty period, regular return visits (once every 3 months) will be conducted to provide operation status testing and maintenance recommendations.<\\\/p><p>After the warranty period expires, lifelong maintenance services at cost price and spare parts supply can be provided.<\\\/p>\",\"_padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"20\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":false},\"__globals__\":{\"typography_typography\":\"globals\\\/typography?id=d06f507\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":true,\"isLocked\":true},{\"id\":\"fee700e\",\"elType\":\"container\",\"settings\":{\"_title\":\"\\u9879\\u76ee #1\",\"content_width\":\"full\",\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"padding\":{\"unit\":\"px\",\"top\":\"0\",\"right\":\"0\",\"bottom\":\"0\",\"left\":\"0\",\"isLinked\":true},\"__globals__\":{\"background_color\":\"\"}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"26f8b2b\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>Yes, we can. Generally, the warranty period for our products is one year. 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class=\\\"e-n-tab-title\\\" aria-selected=\\\"false\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"3\\\" role=\\\"tab\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863463\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"e-n-tab-title-text\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tStructure\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/button>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<button id=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863464\\\" class=\\\"e-n-tab-title\\\" aria-selected=\\\"false\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"4\\\" role=\\\"tab\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863464\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"e-n-tab-title-text\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tSpecification\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/button>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<button id=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863465\\\" class=\\\"e-n-tab-title\\\" aria-selected=\\\"false\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"5\\\" role=\\\"tab\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863465\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"e-n-tab-title-text\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tDiagram\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/button>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<button id=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863466\\\" class=\\\"e-n-tab-title\\\" aria-selected=\\\"false\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"6\\\" role=\\\"tab\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863466\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class=\\\"e-n-tab-title-text\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tFAQ\\t\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/button>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-n-tabs-content\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div id=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863461\\\" role=\\\"tabpanel\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863461\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"1\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\\\" class=\\\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-63d4ba4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"63d4ba4\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c97e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"76c97e8\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Brief introduction<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"40fb5fa","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p><strong>\u2160<\/strong><strong>.Brief introduction<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Standards:<\/strong> IEC 60076, GB\/T 1094, GB\/T 25446-2010<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Power Rating:<\/strong> 200KVA-2500 kVA<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Primary Voltage:<\/strong> 35KV<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Secondary Voltage:<\/strong> 0.4 kV or as required<\/p><p><strong>5.Voltage regulation mode:<\/strong> On-load tap-changing<\/p><p><strong>6.Frequency:<\/strong> 50HZ or 60HZ<\/p><p><strong>7.<\/strong><strong>Type:<\/strong> 3 Phase Electric Power Transformer<\/p><p><strong>8.<\/strong><strong>Connection Type:<\/strong> Dyn11, Yyn0, or per client specification<\/p><p><strong>9.insulation grade\uff1a<\/strong>A<\/p><p><strong>10.Cooling method: <\/strong>ONAN<\/p><p><strong>\u2161<\/strong><strong>.Working conditions<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Ambient Temperature:<\/strong> No more than +40\u2103 No less than -25\u2103, The monthly average temperature is no more than +30\u2103, The yearly average temperature is no more than +20\u2103<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Altitude:<\/strong> No more than 1000m.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Relative air humidity:<\/strong>\u226490%<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>installation site:<\/strong> Clean and stable environment, compliance with safe distance requirements, sufficient heat dissipation and ventilation<\/p><p><strong>5.Scope of application:<\/strong> On-load tap-changing transformers are widely used in fields such as power transmission, distribution systems, and renewable energy. In long-distance power transmission, they can adjust voltage to ensure power stability; in urban or industrial power distribution networks, they can automatically regulate voltage according to load changes; when renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy are connected to the power grid, they can quickly respond to grid changes and guarantee the stable supply of electricity.<\/p><p><strong>\u2162.<\/strong><strong>The tests for on-load tap-changing transformer<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Factory Tests (Basic Verification During Manufacturing)<\/strong><\/p><p>Factory tests are mandatory tests that must be completed before the transformer leaves the factory. They are used to ensure that the product meets design standards and technical agreements, mainly including:<\/p><p>\u2460Insulation tests: Insulation resistance measurement, dielectric loss factor (tan\u03b4)<\/p><p>\u2461measurement, applied voltage withstand test, induced voltage withstand test.<\/p><p>\u2462Winding DC resistance measurement.<\/p><p>\u2463Transformation ratio test.<\/p><p>\u2464Connection group test.<\/p><p>Special tests for on-load tap-changers: Mechanical operation test, transition resistance measurement, switching time measurement.<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Type Tests (Comprehensive Performance Assessment for New Products or Major Improvements)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460Temperature rise test.<\/p><p>\u2461Short-circuit withstand capability test.<\/p><p>\u2462Lightning impulse test.<\/p><p>\u2463Operating impulse test.<\/p><p>\u2464Sound level measurement.<\/p><p>\u2465Zero-sequence impedance measurement.<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>On-Site Handover Tests (Verification Before Commissioning After Installation)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460Inspection of appearance and accessories.<\/p><p>\u2461Insulation test.<\/p><p>\u2462On-site operation test of on-load tap-changer.<\/p><p>\u2463Oil quality test.<\/p><p>\u2464Cooling system test.<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Preventive Tests (Regular Maintenance and Detection During Operation)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2460Insulating oil test.<\/p><p>\u2461Measurement of winding insulation resistance and dielectric loss.<\/p><p>\u2462Condition detection of on-load tap-changer.<\/p><p>\u2463Mechanical characteristic test.<\/p><p>\u2464Contact wear inspection.<\/p><p>\u2465Core grounding current measurement.<\/p><p>\u2466Infrared thermal imaging detection.<\/p><p>The special tests for on-load tap-changers (mechanical operation, transition resistance, switching characteristics) are the core test contents that distinguish them from ordinary transformers.<\/p><p><strong>\u2163<\/strong><strong>.On-load tap-changing transformer component inspection<\/strong><\/p><p>On-load transformers (transformers with tap changers) are key equipment in power systems. Their component inspection must cover two core parts: the transformer itself and the on-load tap changer (OLTC), as well as inspections of auxiliary systems. The following is a detailed classification and explanation of component inspection contents:<\/p><p><strong>1.<\/strong><strong>Inspection of Core Components of the Transformer Body<\/strong><\/p><p>The transformer body is the core of electrical energy conversion, and key components such as insulation, iron core, windings, and oil tank need to be focused on:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Winding Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include DC resistance test, insulation resistance and absorption ratio \/ polarization index test, dielectric loss (tan\u03b4) test, winding deformation test, partial discharge test<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Iron Core Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Indlude Iron core insulation resistance test and iron core grounding current test<\/p><p>The iron core is the core of the magnetic circuit, and multiple grounding or insulation damage must be prevented.<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Oil Tank and Accessory Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include oil tank tightness inspection, oil conservator and oil level gauge inspection, bushing inspection<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>Special Inspection of On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)<\/strong><\/p><p>OLTC is the core component of on-load transformers, responsible for regulating voltage under load. Its inspection is directly related to the safe operation of the equipment:<\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Mechanical Characteristic Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> include action sequence test, operating mechanism test, mechanical limit test<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Electrical Performance Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include contact resistance test, insulation resistance test, partial discharge test during switching, transition resistance test<\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Oil Quality and Oil Chamber Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include OLTC insulation oil inspection and oil chamber tightness inspection<\/p><p><strong>\u2463<\/strong><strong>Control and Protection System Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include control circuit test and protection function test<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong><strong>Inspection of Insulation Oil and Cooling System<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Insulation Oil Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include routine physical and chemical indicators and dissolved Gas Analysis in Oil (DGA)<\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Cooling System Inspection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Include radiator\/cooler inspection, temperature control system test<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong><strong>Inspection of Other Auxiliary Components<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2460<\/strong><strong>Pressure relief valve inspection<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2461<\/strong><strong>Gas relay (breather relay) inspection<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u2462<\/strong><strong>Grounding system inspection<\/strong><\/p><p>The component inspection of on-load transformers must integrate four dimensions: electrical performance, mechanical characteristics, insulation status, and oil quality analysis. Focus should be placed on core components such as windings, iron cores, and OLTC, while covering auxiliary systems such as cooling, control, and protection. Through regular inspections (such as preventive tests and online monitoring), potential faults can be detected in a timely manner, ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers.<\/p>","paragraph_spacing":{"unit":"px","size":16,"sizes":[]},"_padding":{"unit":"px","top":"20","right":"0","bottom":"0","left":"0","isLinked":false},"__globals__":{"typography_typography":"globals\/typography?id=d06f507"}},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<div id=\\\"e-n-tab-content-649863462\\\" role=\\\"tabpanel\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-tab-title-649863462\\\" data-tab-index=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\\\" class=\\\" elementor-element elementor-element-2e2154e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"2e2154e\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f27574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\\\" data-id=\\\"0f27574\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"heading.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<h2 class=\\\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\\\">Structural Features<\\\/h2>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" 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.tg-wa1i{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\\r\\n.tg .tg-nrix{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}\\r\\n<\\\/style>\\r\\n<table class=\\\"tg\\\"><thead>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">Rated Capacity<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">H.V.<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">L.V.<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\">Connection Symbol<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\">No-load loss(kw)<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\">On-load loss(kw)<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">Short circuit impedance<\\\/th>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S13<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S13<\\\/th>\\r\\n    <th class=\\\"tg-wa1i\\\">S11<\\\/th>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr><\\\/thead>\\r\\n<tbody>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">50<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">35<br><br><br><br>38.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">0.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">Dyn11<br><br><br><br>Yyn0<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.112<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.20\\\/1.14<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.20\\\/1.14<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\" rowspan=\\\"16\\\">6.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">100<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.23<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.161<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.01\\\/1.91<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.01\\\/1.91<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">125<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.27<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.189<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.37\\\/2.26<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.37\\\/2.26<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">160<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.28<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.196<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.82\\\/2.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.82\\\/2.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">200<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.34<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.238<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.32\\\/3.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.32\\\/3.16<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">250<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.28<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.95\\\/3.76<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">3.95\\\/3.76<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">315<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.48<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.336<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">4.75\\\/4.53<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">4.75\\\/4.53<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">400<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.406<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">5.74\\\/5.47<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">5.74\\\/5.47<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">500<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.68<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.476<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">6.91\\\/6.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">6.91\\\/6.58<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">630<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.83<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.581<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">7.86<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">7.86<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">800<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.98<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.686<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">9.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">9.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1000<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.15<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.805<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">11.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">11.5<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1250<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.4<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">0.98<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">13.9<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">13.9<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1600<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.69<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.183<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">16.6<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">16.6<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2000<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.99<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.393<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">19.7<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">19.7<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n  <tr>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2500<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">2.36<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">1.652<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">23.2<\\\/td>\\r\\n    <td class=\\\"tg-nrix\\\">23.2<\\\/td>\\r\\n  <\\\/tr>\\r\\n<\\\/tbody><\\\/table>   \\r\\n<\\\/thead>\\r\\n<tbody>\\r\\n<\\\/tbody>\\r\\n<\\\/table>\\r\\n<\\\/div>\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t<div 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"2\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2181\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 2.What type of cooling system does the Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformer use? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"5\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 5.How long is the service life of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers?  <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2184\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6302b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"3b6302b\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"6\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 6.What are the factors that affect the service life of Kete OLTC oil-immersed transformers? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2185\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-d41fa9f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"d41fa9f\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"{"id":"0fd938a","elType":"widget","settings":{"editor":"<p>The service life of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) transformers is determined by the combined effects of multiple factors across design, operation, maintenance, and other stages. The core influencing factors can be categorized into four major types: equipment quality itself, operating conditions, maintenance management, and external environment.<\/p><p>\u2460<strong>Equipment Quality Factors (Inherent Foundation of Service Life)<\/strong><\/p><p>The design, materials, and manufacturing processes of the equipment at the factory directly determine its \"inherent upper limit of service life\". The core influencing components and associated issues are as follows:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Quality of the On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC)<\/strong><\/p><p>The OLTC is the core component of an OLTC transformer (enabling voltage regulation under load), and its quality defects are the primary inherent factor leading to shortened service life:<\/p><p>Contact Material: If ordinary copper alloys are used instead of silver alloys\/copper-tungsten alloys (which offer high conductivity and wear resistance), the contact wear rate will accelerate, contact resistance will increase, and long-term overheating will cause ablation.<\/p><p>Insulation Structure: If there are bubbles or impurities in insulation cylinders or insulation oil channels, or if the temperature resistance level of insulation materials (e.g., epoxy resin) is insufficient (below the 105\u00b0C standard for Class A insulation), breakdown is likely to occur during operation, triggering partial discharge.<\/p><p>Sealing Performance: If the machining accuracy of OLTC sealing surfaces (e.g., flanges, shaft seals) is insufficient, insulation oil leakage will occur, allowing moisture and impurities to enter and accelerating insulation aging.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Quality of Iron Core and Windings<\/strong><\/p><p>Iron Core Silicon Steel Sheets: Excessive gaps between stacked silicon steel sheets or damaged insulation coatings will increase iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), leading to long-term overheating of the iron core and accelerated aging of insulation paint.<\/p><p>Winding Conductors and Insulation: Uneven cross-sections or insufficiently soldered joints of conductors will result in excessively high local current density.<\/p><p>Insulation paper (e.g., cable paper, crepe paper) with low fiber density and poor aging resistance will quickly become brittle at high temperatures, shortening the insulation life of windings.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Quality of Insulation Oil<\/strong><\/p><p>If insulation oil is not subjected to strict degassing, dehydration, and impurity removal processes at the factory (e.g., excessive dielectric loss, breakdown voltage lower than 35kV\/2.5mm), the overall insulation performance will be directly reduced, creating hidden risks of partial discharge and winding breakdown during operation.<\/p><p>\u2461<strong>Operating Condition Factors (Acquired Accelerators of Life Loss)<\/strong><\/p><p>If operating parameters such as load, voltage, and temperature exceed the design range, equipment aging will be significantly accelerated\u2014making these the core acquired factors affecting service life:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Long-Term Overload Operation<\/strong><\/p><p>When the load factor exceeds the rated value (e.g., long-term operation above 120%), the winding copper loss (P=I\u00b2R) increases with the square of the current, causing a sharp rise in winding temperature:<\/p><p>If the winding temperature exceeds the 105\u00b0C upper limit allowed for Class A insulation (with hot-spot temperatures even reaching 120\u00b0C or higher), the degree of polymerization of insulation paper will decrease rapidly (by approximately 50\u2013100 per year), potentially shortening the normal service life (20\u201330 years) to less than 10 years.<\/p><p>Overload also increases the current through OLTC contacts, intensifying arc ablation and doubling contact wear.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Impact of Voltage Deviation and Harmonics<\/strong><\/p><p>Long-Term Overvoltage: If the system voltage is more than 5% higher than the rated value, the iron core magnetic flux density will saturate, increasing iron loss and causing iron core overheating. At the same time, the electric field strength borne by winding insulation will rise, accelerating insulation aging.<\/p><p>Harmonic Pollution: Harmonic currents (e.g., 3rd, 5th harmonics) increase additional winding losses and iron core losses, leading to local overheating. Meanwhile, harmonic voltages exacerbate the electrical aging of insulation (e.g., increased partial discharge).<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Tap-Changing Frequency and Method<\/strong><\/p><p>Frequent Tap-Changing: If tap-changing is performed more than 20 times per day, OLTC contacts will frequently connect\/disconnect current. Each operation generates an arc, accelerating contact wear (the normal service life of contacts is approximately 100,000 operations, which can be shortened to less than 30,000 operations with frequent use).<\/p><p>Load Fluctuations During Tap-Changing: Sudden load surges (e.g., motor startup) during tap-changing can cause poor contact between contacts, generating \"spark discharge\" and further damaging contacts and insulation.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Temperature and Temperature Difference Shock<\/strong><\/p><p>Excessively High Ambient Temperature: For outdoor transformers in summer, if the ambient temperature exceeds 40\u00b0C, the top oil temperature of the transformer will rise (exceeding the allowable 85\u00b0C), accelerating the oxidation rate of insulation oil (the oxidation rate doubles for every 10\u00b0C increase in temperature) and worsening oil quality.<\/p><p>Excessive Day-Night Temperature Difference: In northern China during spring and autumn, if the day-night temperature difference exceeds 20\u00b0C, thermal expansion and contraction of components such as the oil tank and bushings will occur, creating micro-gaps on sealing surfaces and causing insulation oil leakage and moisture intrusion.<\/p><p>\u2462<strong>Maintenance Management Factors (Determining Whether Service Life Meets Standards)<\/strong><\/p><p>Lack of scientific maintenance accelerates equipment deterioration and is a key human factor leading to shortened service life:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Inadequate Maintenance of Insulation Oil<\/strong><\/p><p>Infrequent Oil Quality Testing: Failure to test insulation oil properties (e.g., dielectric loss, breakdown voltage, moisture content) every 6 months in accordance with standards will result in undetected oil deterioration (e.g., increased acid value, sludge formation), leading to a continuous decline in insulation performance.<\/p><p>Delayed Oil Replacement\/ Filtration: When oil quality exceeds standard limits (e.g., moisture content &gt; 30ppm), failure to perform vacuum oil filtration or oil replacement will contaminate winding insulation with impurities in the oil, intensifying partial discharge.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Insufficient OLTC Maintenance<\/strong><\/p><p>Infrequent Contact Inspection: Failure to disassemble and inspect OLTC contact wear every 2\u20133 years will allow contacts with excessive wear to continue operating, increasing contact resistance and causing long-term overheating and ablation.<\/p><p>Failure to Replace Arc-Quenching Medium: If arc-quenching chambers of the OLTC (e.g., vacuum arc-quenching chambers, oil-immersed arc-quenching chambers) are not replaced according to their service life (approximately 20 years for vacuum arc-quenching chambers), arc-quenching capacity will decrease. Arcs cannot be extinguished quickly during tap-changing, leading to contact ablation.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Untreated Cooling System Failures<\/strong><\/p><p>Radiator Blockage: Failure to regularly clean dust and oil stains from radiator surfaces (once per quarter) reduces heat dissipation efficiency, increasing the top oil temperature by 5\u201310\u00b0C and accelerating insulation aging.<\/p><p>Fan\/Oil Pump Malfunctions: For forced oil circulation air-cooled (OFAF) transformers, unprompted repairs of damaged fans or oil pumps result in loss of cooling capacity, causing a sudden rise in oil temperature in a short period and leading to insulation damage.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Lack of Preventive Tests<\/strong><\/p><p>Infrequent Insulation Tests: Failure to conduct winding DC resistance measurement, dielectric loss testing, and partial discharge detection every 1\u20132 years leaves hidden risks (e.g., inter-turn short circuits, insulation breakdown) undetected, ultimately leading to failures.<\/p><p>Unmonitored Iron Core Grounding Current: If the iron core grounding current exceeds 100mA (normally should be &lt; 10mA) without treatment, local overheating of the iron core will occur, ablating the insulation paint.<\/p><p>\u2463<strong>External Environment Factors (Catalysts for Accelerated Life Loss)<\/strong><\/p><p>Pollutants, natural disasters, and other elements in the external environment directly erode equipment, accelerating aging:<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Contamination and Corrosion<\/strong><\/p><p>Industrial Dust\/Coastal Salt Spray: These substances adhere to bushing surfaces and form conductive paths in humid weather, causing bushing flashover discharge and damaging insulation. Salt spray also corrodes the metal casings of oil tanks and radiators, leading to leakage.<\/p><p>Chemical Corrosion: If there are chemical plants or printing and dyeing factories near the transformer, acidic and alkaline gases (e.g., SO\u2082, Cl\u2082) in the air will corrode insulation materials and metal components, shortening service life.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Moisture and Humidity<\/strong><\/p><p>In high-humidity environments (e.g., relative humidity &gt; 85% during the plum rain season in southern China), moisture penetrates the equipment interior through sealing gaps, reducing the breakdown voltage of insulation oil (the breakdown voltage decreases by approximately 5kV for every 10ppm increase in moisture content) and accelerating rusting of the iron core and windings.<\/p><p><strong>\u00b7<\/strong><strong>Natural Disasters and External Impact<\/strong><\/p><p>Lightning Strikes: Insufficient or faulty lightning arresters allow lightning overvoltage to break down winding insulation, causing inter-turn or phase-to-phase short circuits.<\/p><p>Earthquakes and External Collisions: These events cause iron core displacement and winding deformation, damaging the insulation structure. Even if no immediate failure occurs, hidden risks are left, accelerating life loss.<\/p>","_padding":{"unit":"px","top":"20","right":"0","bottom":"0","left":"0","isLinked":false},"__globals__":{"typography_typography":"globals\/typography?id=d06f507"}},"elements":[],"widgetType":"text-editor"}\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"7\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 7.How to maintain transformers to maximize the service life of Kete OLTC oil-immersed amorphous alloy transformers? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2186\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element 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id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"8\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 8.What aspects of Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformers can be customized? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-2187\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-8387c87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"8387c87\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" 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Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"1\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 1.What is included in Kete's warranty coverage during the warranty period? And how are the costs borne? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5640\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db37d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"8db37d5\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"2\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 2.Will Kete provide guidance documents for installation? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5641\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40cd7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"f40cd7f\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"3\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 3.If maintenance is required and spare parts are purchased from Kete, how long will it take for the spare parts to arrive? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5642\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-a349b2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"a349b2f\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"4\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 4.How to handle emergency maintenance requests, and what is the typical response time? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5643\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-05bb81a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"05bb81a\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"eyJpZCI6IjRlODgyYTciLCJlbFR5cGUiOiJ3aWRnZXQiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJlZGl0b3IiOiI8cD4yNFwvNyB0ZWNobmljYWwgc3VwcG9ydCBob3RsaW5lLCBlbnN1cmluZyBhIGZhdWx0IHRpbWUgb2YgXHUyMjY0IDIgaG91cnMuPFwvcD4iLCJfcGFkZGluZyI6eyJ1bml0IjoicHgiLCJ0b3AiOiIyMCIsInJpZ2h0IjoiMCIsImJvdHRvbSI6IjAiLCJsZWZ0IjoiMCIsImlzTGlua2VkIjpmYWxzZX0sIl9fZ2xvYmFsc19fIjp7InR5cG9ncmFwaHlfdHlwb2dyYXBoeSI6IiJ9LCJ0eXBvZ3JhcGh5X3R5cG9ncmFwaHkiOiJjdXN0b20iLCJ0eXBvZ3JhcGh5X2ZvbnRfZmFtaWx5IjoiQXJpYWwiLCJ0eXBvZ3JhcGh5X2ZvbnRfc2l6ZSI6eyJ1bml0IjoicHgiLCJzaXplIjoxNiwic2l6ZXMiOltdfSwicGFyYWdyYXBoX3NwYWNpbmciOnsidW5pdCI6InB4Iiwic2l6ZSI6MjAsInNpemVzIjpbXX19LCJlbGVtZW50cyI6W10sIndpZGdldFR5cGUiOiJ0ZXh0LWVkaXRvciJ9\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"5\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 5.What kind of after-sales support can Kete provide, including troubleshooting and maintenance services? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5644\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d9ad48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"0d9ad48\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"6\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 6.Can Kete provide options for service contracts or extended warranty periods? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-5645\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-fee700e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"fee700e\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-400c4e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"400c4e4\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"nested-accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-n-accordion\\\" aria-label=\\\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"1\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 1.What is the manufacturing and delivery lead time for Kete oil-immersed transformers? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6710\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a21e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"13a21e2\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6711\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"2\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6711\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 2.What is the packaging for Kete oil-immersed amorphous alloy transformers? 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<\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6712\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-febed70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"febed70\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"eyJpZCI6IjU3NzI2OGMiLCJlbFR5cGUiOiJ3aWRnZXQiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJlZGl0b3IiOiI8cD5cdTI0NjBUXC9UIDMwJSBhcyBkZXBvc2l0LCBhbmQgNzAlIGJlZm9yZSBkZWxpdmVyeS48XC9wPjxwPlx1MjQ2MUxDIGF0IHNpZ2h0PFwvcD48cD5cdTI0NjJEUCBhdCBzaWdodDxcL3A+IiwiX3BhZGRpbmciOnsidW5pdCI6InB4IiwidG9wIjoiMjAiLCJyaWdodCI6IjAiLCJib3R0b20iOiIwIiwibGVmdCI6IjAiLCJpc0xpbmtlZCI6ZmFsc2V9LCJfX2dsb2JhbHNfXyI6eyJ0eXBvZ3JhcGh5X3R5cG9ncmFwaHkiOiJnbG9iYWxzXC90eXBvZ3JhcGh5P2lkPWQwNmY1MDcifX0sImVsZW1lbnRzIjpbXSwid2lkZ2V0VHlwZSI6InRleHQtZWRpdG9yIn0=\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<details id=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\\\" class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<summary class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title\\\" data-accordion-index=\\\"4\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\" aria-expanded=\\\"false\\\" aria-controls=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\\\" >\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\\\"> 4.What are the delivery terms for the bulk shipment of Kete transformers? <\\\/div><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 320 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t\\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" class=\\\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 256 512\\\" xmlns=\\\"http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\\"><path d=\\\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\\\"><\\\/path><\\\/svg><\\\/span>\\n\\t\\t<\\\/span>\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/summary>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t<div role=\\\"region\\\" aria-labelledby=\\\"e-n-accordion-item-6713\\\" class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-84549c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\\\" data-id=\\\"84549c5\\\" data-element_type=\\\"container\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\\\">\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/details>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<\\\/div>\\n\\t\\t[elementor-element k=\\\"43aca594a86d0bbe94de5159700c1e94\\\" data=\\\"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\\\"]\\t\\t<div class=\\\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee0114 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\\\" data-id=\\\"dee0114\\\" data-element_type=\\\"widget\\\" data-settings=\\\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\\\" data-widget_type=\\\"nested-accordion.default\\\">\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t<div class=\\\"e-n-accordion\\\" aria-label=\\\"Accordion. 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on-load tap-changing transformer is a power transformer equipped with an on-load tap changer, which can adjust the tap positions under load conditions to maintain the stability of the output voltage. Kete oil-immersed OLTC transformer complies with the standards of GB1094 and GB\/T6451. Thanks to the upgrading of materials, processes, structures and other aspects, its&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/3095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/3095\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=3095"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=3095"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=3095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}