{"id":6027,"date":"2025-12-23T05:42:49","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/?p=6027"},"modified":"2025-12-23T07:23:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T07:23:58","slug":"transformer-nameplate-interpretation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/transformer-nameplate-interpretation\/","title":{"rendered":"Interpretaci\u00f3n de la placa de caracter\u00edsticas de un transformador"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Interpretaci\u00f3n de la placa de caracter\u00edsticas de un transformador<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En determinadas condiciones de funcionamiento y requisitos ambientales, el <strong>par\u00e1metros t\u00e9cnicos principales de un transformador<\/strong> suelen indicarse en el <strong>placa de caracter\u00edsticas del transformador<\/strong>. Estos par\u00e1metros proporcionan informaci\u00f3n esencial para la selecci\u00f3n, el funcionamiento y el mantenimiento. Entre ellos se incluyen principalmente: <strong>potencia nominal, tensi\u00f3n nominal y rango de tomas, frecuencia nominal, grupo de conexi\u00f3n de los devanados, datos de rendimiento nominal<\/strong>, y <strong>peso total<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. Potencia nominal (kVA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La capacidad nominal se refiere a la <strong>potencia aparente m\u00e1xima<\/strong> que un transformador puede suministrar de forma continua <strong>a la tensi\u00f3n nominal y la corriente nominal<\/strong> condiciones sin superar el aumento de temperatura permitido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. Tensi\u00f3n nominal (kV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tensi\u00f3n nominal es la <strong>tensi\u00f3n de funcionamiento que el transformador puede soportar durante un funcionamiento prolongado<\/strong>.<br>Para adaptarse a las fluctuaciones de tensi\u00f3n de la red el\u00e9ctrica, el <strong>El lado de alta tensi\u00f3n de un transformador suele estar equipado con conmutadores de tomas.<\/strong>, que regulan la tensi\u00f3n de salida en el lado de baja tensi\u00f3n ajustando el n\u00famero de espiras del devanado de alta tensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. Corriente nominal (A)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La corriente nominal es la <strong>corriente m\u00e1xima permitida de forma continua<\/strong> a trav\u00e9s de los devanados del transformador cuando funciona a su capacidad nominal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D. P\u00e9rdidas en vac\u00edo (kW)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La p\u00e9rdida en vac\u00edo es la <strong>potencia activa absorbida por el transformador<\/strong> cuando se aplica la tensi\u00f3n nominal a la frecuencia nominal a uno de los devanados, mientras que el otro devanado permanece en circuito abierto.<br>Depende principalmente de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Material del n\u00facleo (rendimiento del acero al silicio)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nivel de tensi\u00f3n aplicada<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E. Corriente en vac\u00edo (%)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La corriente en vac\u00edo se refiere a la <strong>corriente que circula por el devanado primario cuando el lado secundario est\u00e1 en circuito abierto a la tensi\u00f3n nominal<\/strong>.<br>Por lo general, se expresa como un <strong>porcentaje de la corriente nominal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F. P\u00e9rdida de carga (kW)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La p\u00e9rdida por carga es la <strong>potencia consumida por el transformador<\/strong> cuando el devanado secundario est\u00e1 en cortocircuito y <strong>Se aplica la corriente nominal al devanado primario en la posici\u00f3n de toma nominal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G. Tensi\u00f3n de impedancia (%)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tensi\u00f3n de impedancia se define como la <strong>porcentaje de la tensi\u00f3n nominal aplicada al devanado primario<\/strong> que genera una corriente nominal en el devanado secundario cuando se produce un cortocircuito.<br>Este par\u00e1metro es fundamental para <strong>Limitaci\u00f3n de la corriente de cortocircuito y coordinaci\u00f3n del sistema<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H. Fase y frecuencia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transformadores trif\u00e1sicos<\/strong> se designan con la letra <strong>\u201cS\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transformadores monof\u00e1sicos<\/strong> se designan con la letra <strong>\u201cD\u201d<\/strong><br>La frecuencia est\u00e1ndar en China es <strong>50 Hz<\/strong>, mientras que algunos pa\u00edses (como Estados Unidos) utilizan <strong>60 Hz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. Aumento de la temperatura y m\u00e9todo de refrigeraci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El aumento de la temperatura es el <strong>diferencia entre la temperatura del devanado o la temperatura m\u00e1xima del aceite y la temperatura ambiente<\/strong>.<br>Para transformadores sumergidos en aceite:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aumento m\u00e1ximo de la temperatura del devanado: <strong>65 K<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aumento m\u00e1ximo de la temperatura del aceite en la parte superior: <strong>55 K<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre los m\u00e9todos de refrigeraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s habituales se encuentran:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ONAN (Oil Natural Air Natural)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ONAF (Aceite, Aire y Fuerza)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refrigeraci\u00f3n por agua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sistemas de refrigeraci\u00f3n de tipo radiador o tubulares<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">J. Nivel de aislamiento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los transformadores se dise\u00f1an de acuerdo con normas estandarizadas <strong>niveles de aislamiento<\/strong>.<br>Por ejemplo, un transformador con:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n nominal de alta tensi\u00f3n: <strong>Clase de 35 kV<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n nominal de baja tensi\u00f3n: <strong>Clase de 10 kV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su nivel de aislamiento puede expresarse de la siguiente manera:<br><strong>LI200 CA85 \/ LI75 CA35<\/strong>, donde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LI200<\/strong>: Tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a impulsos de rayo del lado de alta tensi\u00f3n (200 kV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AC85<\/strong>: Tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a la frecuencia de red del lado de alta tensi\u00f3n (85 kV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LI75<\/strong>: Tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a impulsos de rayo en el lado de baja tensi\u00f3n (75 kV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AC35<\/strong>: Tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a la frecuencia de red del lado de baja tensi\u00f3n (35 kV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el caso de los transformadores en aceite fabricados por <strong>AUX High Technology Co., Ltd.<\/strong>, el nivel de aislamiento suele ser <strong>LI75 AC35<\/strong>, lo que indica una tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a impulsos de rayo de 75 kV y una tensi\u00f3n de resistencia a la frecuencia industrial de 35 kV en el lado de alta tensi\u00f3n. Dado que el lado de baja tensi\u00f3n es de 400 V, por lo general no se tiene en cuenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K. Grupo de Conexiones de Bobinado (Grupo Vector)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El grupo de conexiones del devanado describe el <strong>relaci\u00f3n de fase entre los devanados primario y secundario<\/strong>.<br>Se suele representar utilizando el <strong>m\u00e9todo de notaci\u00f3n horaria<\/strong>, donde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>El fasor de tensi\u00f3n de la l\u00ednea de alta tensi\u00f3n se fija en <strong>las 12 en punto<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El fasor de tensi\u00f3n de red de baja tensi\u00f3n indica el n\u00famero de grupo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo:<br><strong>Dyn11<\/strong> significa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bobinado primario: <strong>Conexi\u00f3n en delta (D)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bobinado secundario: <strong>Conexi\u00f3n en estrella (Y) con el neutro (n)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Desfase: <strong>posici\u00f3n de las 11 en punto<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Under specified operating conditions and environmental requirements, the main technical parameters of a transformer are usually indicated on the transformer nameplate. These parameters provide essential information for selection, operation, and maintenance. They mainly include rated capacity, rated voltage and tapping range, rated frequency, winding connection group, rated performance data, and total weight. A. Rated Capacity 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specified operating conditions and environmental requirements, the main technical parameters of a transformer are usually indicated on the transformer nameplate. These parameters provide essential information for selection, operation, and maintenance. They mainly include rated capacity, rated voltage and tapping range, rated frequency, winding connection group, rated performance data, and total weight. A. Rated Capacity&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}