{"id":6078,"date":"2026-02-09T08:17:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T08:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/?p=6078"},"modified":"2026-02-09T08:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T08:17:56","slug":"grounding-transformer-basics-principles-types-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ketetransformer.com\/ar\/grounding-transformer-basics-principles-types-and-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c, <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636)<\/strong> \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u064810 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u064835 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 (NGR)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 6 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \/ 35 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 <strong>\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 <strong>1\u20132 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u2264 10 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a <strong>10 \u0623<\/strong>, \u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>4 \u00d7 U<\/strong> (U = \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (VTs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u060c, <strong>\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 Z)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b <strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 Z)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong> (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>10 \u0623\u0648\u0645<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u2264 20%<\/strong> \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 <strong>90%\u2013100%<\/strong> \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d 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a critical role in system protection and reliability. Understanding their principles and applications is essential for engineers involved in 6 kV, 10 kV, and 35 kV networks. 1. What Is a Grounding Transformer? A grounding transformer is a special-purpose transformer used to create an artificial 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